الفهرس 
Historical Background Of Substance Use Disorder
Cannabis and psychosisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Co-occurrence of drug abuse is a very frequent condition among patients presented with their first episode of psychosis, prevalence rates ranging between 25 and 60%.The comorbidity of schizophrenia and substance abuse is associated with more frequent relapses, more positive symptoms and depression, cognitive impairment, and a poorer outcome and treatment response. It has been hypothesized that substance abuse could trigger psychotic symptoms in vulnerable individuals, furthermore substances might be used to self-medicate symptoms of schizophrenia Formulating a psychiatric diagnosis in patients who experience the onset o psychotic symptoms during episodes of current or recent psychoactive substance use is often challenging, even though some key predictors, such as differences in demographic, family, and clinical domains, could help emergency clinicians to correctly classify early phase psychotic disorders that co-occur with substance use.In DSM IV-TR criteria, so called primary or independent psychotic disorders include an exclusion criteria that “symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance”. Because“independent” psychotic diagnoses (e.g., schizophrenia) are not to be made if symptoms are due to effects of substances, newly emerging psychotic symptoms in the presence of substance abuse are presumed to be “substance induced” until proven otherwise.