الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Fluorescence spectroscopy has many advantages making it an appealing choice for low concentrations samples analysis. Fluorometry may achieve limits of detection several orders of magnitude lower than those of most other techniques. This is known as the fluorescence advantage .fluorescence measurements are rapid and inexpensive, Because of the low detection limits, so fluorescence is widely used for quantification of trace constituents of biological and environmental samples.
The study is divided into four chapters:
Chapter one: Introduction and literature review:
This Chapter includes a general introduction on fluorescence spectroscopy and its advantage in modern analytical techniques and its theory about sensing and different types of fluorescent probes. A literature review on the measurement of Zinc and 3-Nitrotyrosine using different method of detection. Recent references related to research has been used.
Chapter two
This chapter deals with the different experimental techniques that have been employed to study the structure, spectral characterization of photo probe used to determine 3-Nitrotyrosine and different preparation procedures.
This part discuss the experimental data of structural characterization of photo probe used for determination of 3-Nitrotyrosine in serum then studying absorption spectrum of photo probe and with addition of different concentration of 3-Nitrotyrosine. We have been found that there is energy transfer between 3-Nitrotyrosine and photo probe in addition to measurement of photo probe emission at excitation wave length (λEX =310nm) under different condition of solvent and pH. We found that
The optimum conditions for measurement are DMSO as solvent and pH=8.2 the photo probe(II) has been used for 3-Nitrotyrosine concentrations by enhancing of photo probe band at wave length of emission (λem=333nm) after adding different concentration of 3-Nitrotyrosine fluorescence intensity under optimum condition and making linear relation between fluorescence intensity against inverted concentration and making wide linear working range (1.7x1010-2.1 x10- 7 ) and lower detection limit of 2.9 x 10-11 M and standard deviation was 1.35. The photo probe has been used in different samples.
Chapter three
This part discuss the experimental data of structural characterization of photo probe used for determination of Zinc seminal fluid then studying absorption spectrum of photo probe and with addition of different concentration of Zinc . We have been found that there is energy transfer form zinc to photo probe in addition to measurement of photo probe emission at excitation wave length (λEX =340nm) under different condition of solvent and pH. we found that The optimum conditions for measurement are DMSO as solvent and pH=8.5 the photo probe (II) has been used for Zinc concentrations by quenching of photo probe band at wave length of emission (λem=366nm) after adding different concentration of Zinc fluorescence intensity under optimum condition and making linear relation between fluorescence intensity against inverted concentration and making wide linear working range (1.2 x 10-7 - 1.6 x 10 -10) and
Lower detection limit of 1.44 x 10-11 M and standard deviation was 1.89. The photo probe has been used in different samples.
Chapter Four
Describes a highly selective and sensitive spectrofluorometric method for the assessment of ciprofloxacin in pharmaceutical tablets and serum sample ,the efficiency of excited-state interaction between Eu3+ doped in sol- gel matrix and ciprofloxacin (CFX) has been studied in different solvent and pHs. A high luminescence intensity peak at 617 nm of europium- ciprofloxacin complex at λex=365 nm in acetonitrile was obtained. The photo physical properties of the red emissive Eu3+ complex doped in sol-gel matrix have been elucidated, the europium was used as optical sensor for the assessment of ciprofloxacin in the pharmaceutical tablets and serum samples at pH = 6.0 and λex = 365 nm with a concentration range of (5.0 ×10−9 - 1.0 ×10−6 mol L−1 ) for ciprofloxacin, correlation coefficient of 0.99 and detection limit of (1.65 ×10−9 mol L−1 ) .