الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important problems in our life today that can lead to many complications like atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases which considered from the primary causes of death.
As hypolipidemic drugs are expensive and of harmful sideffects so, medicinal plant products have been used as an alternative to current management of hyperlipidemia and obesity to some extent as Fenugreek leaves and seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) which were used during Hippocrates and Ancient Egyptian times.
Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek seeds on experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rats through determination of the following parameters (serum lipid profiles with calculation of Atherogenic indices, serum glucose, Kidney function (uric acid ca,ph), serum proteins ( Total protein, Albumin and calculation of Globulin and A/G ratio) and liver function tests(serum ALT, AST, GGT), Liver weight, liver/ body weight (%) , E2,testosterone hormones and Hepatic lipid profiles.
The study was carried out at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University. Forty male albino rats of about 5 – 6 weeks old and about 150 ± 10 g body weight. They were given basal diet which consisted of (bread and corn) and water. All animals were housed under the mentioned environmental conditions and the basal diet for three weeks before the experiment for accommodation with the new environment and to ensure normal growth and behavior.
The rats was divided into 4 groups housed in 4 cages , each cage contain ten rats as the following groups:
group I: Control: kept on basal ration.
group II: Fenugreek group: kept on basal ration with 5% Fenugreek seed powder.
group III: Hyperlipidemic group: Triton group: kept on basal ration + Triton injection (at dose of 250mg/kg) for 3 times/week.
group IV: (Fenugreek + tritron) group: kept on basal ration with 5% Fenugreek seed powder + Triton injection.
Blood samples were collected after 8 weeks (the end of the experiment) for biochemical analysis and also livers of rats were collected and divided into 2 parts: 1st part was for preparation of liver homogenate and 2nd part for histopathological examination.
Our study concluded that:-
1-Serum and liver lipid profile (total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein) were significantly increased in hyperlipidemic rats (after triton injection) While, the level of the HDL-c level decreased.
2. The lipid profile was improved after the addition of fenugreek to the ration of rats by 5 % (95g ration + 5g fenugreek seed powder). As, total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein were decreased while, the level of the HDL-c level increased with the addition of fenugreek to the rat ration.
3-Consequently, Atherogenic Indices: The Cardiac Risk Factors (CRR), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) and Atherogenic Index (AI) were improved after fenugreek treatment compared to hyperlipidemic rats .
4-The higher the liver weight and liver weight / body weight (%) observed in hyperlipidemic group and decreased in the group fed on fenugreek seed powder.
5-The total serum protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio levels improved with addition of fenugreek seed powder in the rat ration and decreased in hyperlipidemic rats.
6-The liver enzymes level (ALT and AST) and GGT were increased in hyperlipidemic rats while, they were improved after addition of fenugreek seed powder to the ration.
7-Fenugreek showed hypodiabetic effect and uric acid level was decreased with addition of fenugreek seed powder to the ration compared to hyperlipidemic rats .
8-The calcium and phosphorus levels were not significantly affected with addition of fenugreek powder in the rat ration .