الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present work was conducted on seventy-four male cats. Seventy-one male cats suffered retained urine admitted to the clinic of surgery, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig university. The retained cats were subjected to clinical, ultrasonographic and laboratory investigations, In addition to treatment and post treatment follow up of the retained cases were carried out. Three apparently healthy male cats (Egyptian Mau) and was ranged from 3 to 5kg body weight which euthanized by over dose of ketamine and xylazine combination after permission of ethical committee and animal care of faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig University for anatomical study of the urinary system.
Retained male cats were classified according to the etiology into obstructive urolithiasis (57.74%), Feline idiopathic cystitis (33.8%), neurological (4.23%) and blood clot (4.23%).
Risk factors evaluation reveal that the indoor housed cats more affected (90.14%) than outdoor housed cats. Most affected breed was Persian breed (84.51%). The common age mostly ranged between (4-8) years old. Over weight cats were with higher risk (60.56%). Dry food representing more risk factor than wet food (46.48%). The more seasonal incidence was winter season (42.25%).
The retained cats were suffered from anorexia (88.73%), dysuria (91.55%), periuria (56.34%), pollakuria (21.13%), stranguria (84.51%), Hematuria (63.38%), vocal signs (35.21%),vomiting (42.25%), pyrexia (21.13%) and hypothermia (16.90%). large, turgid and painful urinary bladder during abdominal palpation were evident.