الفهرس 
Foot AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary Flatfoot is one of the most common deformities of the foot. This deformity can occur at any age, but is most common in children. Flatfoot can be divided into two main categories, flexible and rigid. Flexible flatfoot is characterized by a normal arch during non weight bearing which flattens on stance. Conversely, rigid flatfoot is characterized by a stiff, flattened arch whether non weight bearing or standing. Usually flexible flatfoot is asymptomatic and needs no treatment, but when it comes to symptomatic painful flatfoot, it is a source of major discomfort and pain to the patient. Patients with this deformity typically present with a gradual onset of medial foot and ankle pain. In very late stage of the disease, lateral pain may occur from subfibular impingement, painful callosities, difficulty with shoe wear, and ankle instability. Regarding pediatric flatfoot, it may exist as an isolated pathology or as part of a larger clinical entity, such as generalized ligamentous laxity, neurologic and muscular abnormalities, genetic conditions and syndromes, and collagen disorders. For the diagnosis of pediatric symptomatic flexible flatfoot, it is important to take into account the following factors: medical history of the pediatric patient, the degree of severity of subjective symptoms, physical findings obtained during the clinical.