الفهرس 
Anatomy of Adrenal GlandOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine secreting tumour that arises from the chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system in the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic chain; however, it may arise anywhere in the body. Patients present with a variety of symptoms which reflect excessive secretion of catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, or dopamine) into the circulation. The released catecholamines cause significant hypertension, often severe and refractory to conventional treatment. Aim of the work: The aim of this essay is to review hemodynamic changes of pheochromocytoma patients during laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Conclusion: a need for patients to avoid medications which affect assays or which interfere with catecholamine metabolism. Most common drugs causing false positive results are tricyclic antidepressants and antihypertensive medications.