الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from insulin secretion, insulin action defect or both causing an elevation in blood glucose level. Synthetic hypoglycemic drugs can’t completely control glucose and have side effects, so in the last few decades, herbal medicines have received more interest on of theses is neem. Neem contains wide range of antioxidant as flavonoids, terpenoides, glycosides and polyphenols. The objective of this study to evaluate the effects of diabetes on neonatal rats and anti-diabetic effect of neem leaf extract on STZ induced diabetic rats through the following: The diabetic offspring rats showed decrease in body weight. While neem treated group showed increase in the body weight. The diabetic group showed increase in glucose, TC, LDL and TG, while showed decrease in insulin, testosterone, FSH, LH and HDLAlso, the diabetic group showed an elevation of MDA activity while showed decrease in (TAC, SOD and CAT) activities, while the diabetic treated with neem or insulin showed the opposite completely. Flow cytometric of diabetic groups showed increase in apoptotic cells in testis, while in the treated diabetic group with either neem extracts or insulin showed decrease in apoptotic cells. Conclusion: The obtained data recorded that the administration of neem leaves extract causes ameliorative effects in the most of biochemical, histopathological and flow cytometric induced by diabetes. These protective effects can be attributed to the high levels of antioxidant such as phenolic and flavonoids compound. Thus the present study suggested the benefits of adding some natural supplements especially those having antioxidant effects to minimize the toxic effects of diabetes.