الفهرس 
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Abstract
Neonatal sepsis, sepsis neonatorum is defined as symptoms of infection in the first month of life. But septicemia is definded as the clinical syndrome of bactermia characterized by systemic signs meningitis or pneumonia if infection is localized and septicemia if overwhelming infection occurred (Levi et al., 2012).
Bacterial sepsis is one of major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality despite the use of modern antibiotics and resuscitation therapies. The incidence ranges from 1-5 /1000 live births in developing countries and in developed countries the incidence ranges from 1-2/1000 live births so the early diagnosis and determination of severity of sepsis is very important, because it will increase the possipility of starting early and specific treatment (Maldonado et al.,
2011).
According to the time of occurrence of infection neonatal sepsis is divided into two categories: Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) which occurs within first week of life and Late Onset Sepsis (LOS) which occurs after 7 days of life (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2014).
Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis remains as a major challenge despite advances in medicine. Despite the availability of acute phase proteins as sepsis markers, there is no ideal marker that can reliably differentiate infected and non infected. Hemostatic abnormalities are encountered in most cases of infection, ranging from insignificant laboratory changes to gross activation of coagulation (Levi et al., 2012).
In sepsis, activation of the extrinsic pathway combined will result in depression of the inhibitory mechanisms of coagulation and fibrinolytic system result in a procoagulant state that may lead to microvascular thrombosis and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (Amaral et al., 2004).
Antithrombin is a potent inhibitor of thrombin-mediated vascular injury in the microcirculation during severe sepsis. This endogenous anticoagulant is rapidly depleted in the early phases of sepsis as a result of decreased synthesis, increased destruction, and enhanced clearance by thrombin antithrombin complex formation (Opal, 2000).