الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out in the Physiology and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt, in cooperation with the Experimental Research and Breeding Station in El-Serw; Damietta Governorate, belonging to the Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center, Egypt. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) addition as antioxidant to ram semen extenders; (tris egg yolk,TEY or tris soybean lecithin, SBL) on sperm characteristics, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic activities in seminal plasma during storage at 5°C for up to 48 hours. Semen was collected twice/week for 5 weeks from five adult Rahmani rams by means of an artificial vagina between 08.00 and 09.00 am. Semen samples were evaluated, pooled and extended with TEY or TSBL supplemented with different concentrations from PEE (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml). Polyphenols and flavonoid compounds in propolis ethanolic extract were identified. In each treatment, percentage of progressive motility, livability, and abnormality were determined. Also, percentages of spermatozoa having curled tails (membrane integrity) or chromatin damage were determined. Concentrations of total antioxidant (TAO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) amino transaminase enzymes were determined. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Results showed that the most effective polyphenolic compounds in the prolopolis ethanolic extract as the chlorogenic acids, catechein, protocatchuic and pyrogallol levels were (120.623, 53.006, 23.907 and 11.048 mg/100 g extract, respectively). Luteo.6-arbinose 8-glucose was the predominant identified flavonoid component in propolis extract (5268.78ppm), followed by acacetin, hisperidin, apig.6-rhamnose8- glucose, apig.6-glucose8-rhamnose, kamp.3-(2-p-comaroyl) glucose and luteo.6-glucose 8-arbinose were 647.53, 561.09, 366.47, 150.46, 144.51 and 109.42 ppm, respectively. The effect of propolis ethanolic extract supplementation to ram semen extenders was significantly (P<0.05) only on the percentages of sperm motility and sperm chromatin damage, while sperm live spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and membrane integrity were not affected significantly. Concentration of TAC was similar in TEY extender with different concentrations of PEE than TSBL. However, MDA was significantly (P<0.05) lower in free TEY, followed by TSBL with PEE. Activity of ACP, LDH, AST and ALT tended to be lower in seminal plasma of semen extended with TSBL than TEY. These results showed beneficial effects of soybean lecithin and propolis ethanolic extract in tris based extender on progressive motility and chromatin integrity of spermatozoa up to 48 h of preservation at 5°C. Also, lipid peroxidation and enzymatic activities were lower in TSBL than TEY. In addition, soybean lecithin can effectively replace egg yolk as a protective additive with propolis ethanolic extract for storage extender without any detrimental effects on post-cooling semen quality in rams.