الفهرس 
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Abstract
The environmental suffers from the spreading of waste material. Many of waste materials result from manufacturing operation services industries such as waste ceramic and waste marble. Getting rid of such these waste materials from the environment is the main objective of many researches all over the world at this time. In other side, Asphalt concrete mixtures consist of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, mineral filler and asphalt material. The mix properties are sensitive to any one of these constituents. Several deterioration types are introduced in asphalt pavements as a result of unfavorable properties of construction materials, construction techniques or unexpected traffic loads. In many cases some pavement distresses appeared due to climatic conditions as well as traffic characteristics. The main prevailed distresses in Egyptian are rutting and cracking. Several trials were employed to overcome these distresses.
Therefore, the main goal of this research is to evaluate the HMA mixtures that improved by using ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement and marble waste dust instead of lime stone dust to protect the environment and at the same time reduce the pavement distresses such as rutting. Then, present a HMA mixture meets the requirements of Egyptian code for HMA mixtures.
The experimental study carried out in this research was divided into four stages. The first stage of the experimental work was to determinate the properties of the used materials and the validity limitations according to the Egyptian code for highway works no.104 - part 4 -[113]. The first stage was carried out on the selected aggregate, bitumen, lime stone dust, ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust and marble waste dust. The experimental results obtained in this stage were used to insure the efficiency of these materials which mixed with different proportions to present the investigated 21 mixes.
The second stage of the experimental work was to prepare the mixes from mix 1 to mix 5 which vary in bitumen content and conducted them on Marshall mix design method to obtain the Optimum Bitumen Content (O.B.C). The HMA mixture with the Optimum Bitumen Content was the Control Mixture (Control Mix.) and the first mixture of the three main mixtures studied in this research.
The third stage of the experimental work was to prepare the mixes from mix 6 to mix 13 which vary in ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust content and had the Optimum Bitumen Content (based on the results of stage 1) and conducted them on Marshall mix design method to obtain the Optimum Ceramic/Cement dust Content (O.C.C). The HMA mixture with the Optimum Ceramic/Cement dust Content was the First Comparison Mixture (Comp. Mix.1) and the second mixture of the three main mixtures studied in this research. Also, the mixes from mix 14 to mix 21 were prepared which vary in marble waste dust content and had the Optimum Bitumen Content (based on the results of stage 1) and conducted them on Marshall mix design method to obtain the Optimum Marble Content (O.M.C). The HMA mixture with the Optimum Marble Content was the Second Comparison Mixture (Comp. Mix.2) and the third mixture of the three main mixtures studied in this research.
The fourth stage of the experimental work was to compare the properties and the performance of the three main mixtures to insure that they met the requirements of Egyptian Code for HMA mixtures and to evaluate the HMA mixtures improved by using ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust and marble wast dust.
Conclusions
Based on the methodology and the analysis of results of this study, the following conclusions were drawn:
It is possible to use ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust and marble waste dust as a modified alternative to asphalt mix instead of lime stone dust at their optimum contents by weight of mineral filler.
The optimum ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust content was 35% by weight of mineral filler instead of lime stone dust as a modified alternative to asphalt mix.
The best percent of marble waste dust was 15% by weight of mineral filler instead of lime stone dust as a modified alternative to asphalt mix.
Using asphalt mixes containing ceramic/cement dust with percent 35% achieved stability value more than control mix stability value by about 17%. Also, this percent achieved flow value more than control mix value by about 3%.
Using asphalt mixes containing marble with percent 15% achieved stability value more than control mix stability value by about 10%. But, this percent kept control mix flow value constant (3.5 mm).
Ceramic waste dust had a little ratio of plasticity which prevent using it in HMA manufacturing. To vanish its plasticity using some additives such as cement dust by equal ratio (1:1).
Marble waste dust had no plasticity. So, it was easy to use it in HMA safely without any additives.
The loss of stability value increased when using ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust and marble waste dust compared with control mix. But, it remained in accepted range (< 25%) during study values (35% ceramic/cement dust & 15% marble).
Using ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust and marble waste dust in the asphalt mixes at there optimum percents 35% and 15% respectively increase the TSR compared with the control mix by about 6% and 2.5% respectively.
Using ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust and marble waste dust in the asphalt mixes at there optimum percents 35% and 15% respectively show a good resistance to moisture damage compared with the control mix.
Using ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust and marble waste dust in the asphalt mixes at there optimum percents 35% and 15% respectively reduce the rutting depth compared with the control mix by about 40% and 24% respectively.
Using ceramic waste dust enhanced by cement dust at its optimum percent (35%) instead of lime stone dust was better than using marble waste dust at its optimum percent (15%).
The intial pavement cost of the three main mixtures for 1 m^2 pavement with thickness 5 cm is approximately equal (67 E.P), neglecting the transportation cost.
Based on the study results, a proposed mix was prepared with 35% ceramic/cement dust by weight of mineral filler. The proposed mix gave a suitable mix property for almost all properties and it was recommended.