الفهرس 
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Abstract
Fetal congenital anomalies are among the most frequent causes of polyhydramnios, including gastrointestinal tract anomalies, airway malformation, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), central nervous system defects and musculoskeletal anomalies.
The aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between fetal congenital anomalies and occurance of polyhydramnios including the analysis of the relation between the type of malformations and its association with the degree of polyhydramnios.
Ninety-seven pregnant women with fetal congenital anomalies at their second or third trimester were sonographically assessed in the period between end of May 2016 till the beginning of June 2017. The study group was 30 pregnant females proved to be having polyhydramnios in association with the fetal anomalies.
All studied pregnant women were subjected to trans-abdominal ultrasound (TAUS) approach for the uterus, placenta and growing fetus with stress on amniotic fluid measurements and meticulous fetal anomaly scan according to the international guidelines published by Royal college of obestetrics and gynecology 2013.
The ages of the patients in the current study group ranged from 21-38 years. The most commonly affected age group was 25<35 years (70%) (mean±S.D 27.30±4.04).
Applying MVP measurements polyhydramnios was found to be of mild degree in fifteen patients (50%), moderate degree in eleven patients (36.6%) and severe degree in four patients (13.3%).
The current study included fourteen patients (46.7%) with gastrointestinal (GIT) fetal anomalies, twelve patients (40%) with fetal central nervous system (CNS) defects, four patients (13.3%) with musculoskeletal fetal anomalies.
Duedenal atresia and diaphragmatic hernia were the most frequent gastrointestinal anomalies (GIT) associated with polyhydramnios as 9/14 of pregnant females having gastrointestinal anomalies had duedenal atresia. While, 3/14 pregnant females with gastro intestinal fetal anomalies had diaphragmatic hernia (hernia of Morgagni). The remaining two GIT anomalies were esophageal atresia in 2/14 pregnant females.
The most common central nervous system fetal anomalies in our study were anencephaly and myelomeningeocele accounting for 3/12 patients for each.
Facial anomalies (cleft lip) were the most common musculoskeletal anomalies in our study which were diagnosed in 2 out of 4 pregnancies. On the other hand achondroplasia (isolated short femur and chondroectodermal dysplasia) were diagnosed in one out of four pregnancies for each anomaly.
Mild polyhydramnios was detected in 15/30 patients including: 3 out of 14 patients with gastrointestinal fetal anomalies 21.4% including (one with duedenal atresia 6.7% and two with esophageal atresia), eleven out of twelve patients with central nervous system fetal anomalies 91.7% including (three with anencephaly, three with myelomeningeocele, one with callosal agenesis, one with cerebral palsy, one with ventriculomegaly and one with holoprosencephaly) and one patient with musculoskeletal fetal anomalies 25% (isolated short femur).