الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out to help improving two of the most important pillars of any biosecurity programs, Disinfection and Footbath. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viricidal ability of fourteen commonly used and commercially available disinfectants on poultry farms against velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (LPAI) H9N2 that were isolated locally in Egypt. To simulate the Egyptian field conditions, we used two different surfaces (cement and rubber) contaminated experimentally with the previously mentioned viruses, we also added two interfering materials together, organic matter and hard water. Against NDV our results revealed that three disinfectants out of fourteen were able to pass the test criteria (achieving at least 2.8 log reductions, and no recoverable viruses were isolated after the treatment) these disinfectants were calcium hypochlorite, Halamid® and ZixVirox® while Virkon S®, PIQuat 20®, Aquazix E52®, Fumagri Effisafe® GroundZero ®, Synergize®, Formic, and Citric acid, all failed to pass the test criteria (either not achieving the required log reduction or stopping the viral propagation). Against (LPAI) H9N2 or results revealed that most of the used disinfectants were effective in destroying the virus after the treatment as disinfectants (VirkonS®, Halamid®, Ca.Hypochlorite, PIQuat20®, Aquazix E52®, Zixvirox®, Dyne-O-Might® and Fumagri Effisafe®) were all able to achieve the previously mentioned test criteria. While disinfectants (Synergize®, Groundzero®, Iodis® formic and citric acid) all failed to pass the test criteria. The study was also done to evaluate disinfectants suitability to the footbath task, for this purpose we used disinfectants that commonly used in the Egyptian poultry farms in footbath. Different forms of disinfectants were used (liquid, solid and semisolid). We had concluded after this experiment that aldehydes, iodophors, phenols and powder form disinfectants (VirkonS®+ salt, Halamid®+ calcium carbonate, paraformaldehyde+ calcium carbonate, and Ca.Hypochlorite + calcium hydroxide) were the most effective in the footbath, on the other hand the semisolid form of the tested disinfectants gave variable results in the footbath.