الفهرس 
Introduction
Properties of No-till ProcessOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 216 |  |  |
| | | from | 216 | | |
Abstract
This study is generally aimed to regulate the furrow opener unit of seeder to realize a constant level of seeding depth during operating at no-till soil.
To conform the experiments that evaluate the supplied up-down forces from helical spring to furrow opener in no-till systems, there must be conform a three of available elements or steps. There were-
1. Seeder / planter previously equipped with a unit (spring system) to supply the up-down force on the furrow opener,
2. The investigating system to evaluate and measure the deformation of helical spring during running the seeder in field using Arduino circuit, and
3. Knowing the specification of soil with previous crop.
Pre-experiments were carried out to expect the down force for the three different spring diameters relative to the spring displacement.
After preparing the seeder to work, the indoor tests were done at open track at land of Tractor and Farm Machinery Testing and Research Station. The studied variables were: three spring index (C), three seeding travel speeds (STS) and two soil moisture contents (SMC) to determine the spring deflections ”δx”, axial load ” AL” and normal pressure of helical spring. At the optimum level of the studied parameter in the indoor experiments the outdoor experiment were identified in no-till to study the specified of furrow and up-down force mechanism.
The recommendations of this study are:
o Under no-till seeding/planting must be adding a spring unit to realize a constant level of seeding depth during operating.
o Using a spring loaded down force in no-till with spring specification index (C) 5.56 at seeder travel speed (STS) of 3.0kmh-1.
o The electronic device suitable for estimating the change in spring deflection related to pressure upon seeder furrow opener during acting. Therefore, it is recommended to apply this device in different agricultural machines to measure the extent of change in spring deflection during movement.