الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction:. UncontroIIed or poorly controIIed diabetes can Lead to various Long-term complications such as microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy) and macrovascular (cardiovascular and stroke) problems, these complications are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes worldwide. One of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR), which regarded as a major cause of blindness worldwide.The aim of work: The aim of this work is to study the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic retinopathy. Research Plan: All subjects will undergo full through clinical examination, laboratory, 25 OH Vitamin D and fundus examination. Results: We found that serum 25 oh vit D was more deficient in diabetic patients than control, and more deficient in diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy than diabetics without retinopathy. Conclusion:. Vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy through its effects on the immune system and on angiogenesis.