الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
With increasing the populations all over the world and the increasing in food demands especially for protein source, fish were considered to be an important and more valuable source of animal protein characterized by high nutritional value and low price, so the aim of this experiment is improving the reproductive performance of males and females Clarias gariepinus by using natural plants such as palm pollen grains under a different environmental conditions by using freshwater and groundwater.
This study was carried out in Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR) and Abassa Fish Hatchery belonging to the General Authority for fish Resources Development, Abassa, Abou-Hammad, Sharkia Governorate on males and females African catfish in freshwater and groundwater with an average weight (500-600gm).
Natural plants are very important due to its containing of phenolic compounds as well as they don’t have side effects comparing to chemical feed additives so this study concerned with using palm pollen grains which is one of the famous natural plants that used by ancient Egyptian especially for improving the reproductive performance.
Four diets similar in protein (34%) containing (0.0 - 0.1- 0.2 – 0.3%) palm pollen grains were formed with feeding rate 3% of total body weight.