الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Puberty is a period of rapid physical, sexual, psychological and social changes during which a child, in physiological terms, becomes an adult capable of reproduction (Deb, 2018). Insulin is a hormone that regulates pathways of metabolism in the production of glycogen, protein and fat with anabolic effect. The absence of physiologic insulin response in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) affects growth hormone and sex hormones leading to impairment of both physical growth sexual maturity (Mao et al., 2011). A number of studies discovered a close relation between androgenic metabolism and insulin (Meyer et al., 2000). In their study; (Ballester et al., 2004) reported a significant decrease in testosterone production and Leydig cell function in cases with T1DM. Insulin has stimulatory effects on these cells and absence of insulin in cases with T1DM can be a cause. There is decrease in follicular stimulatin hormone (FSH), which, in turn, reduces luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in cases with T1DM. Experimental diabetes alters the function of the pituitary-testicular axis, resulting in reduced sex steroids levels and hypogonadotropism (Jangir et al., 2014).