الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Liver transplantation is a successful therapeutic option for patients with multiple irreversible acute and chronic liver diseases.
Complications of liver transplantation can be divided into mechanical and non mechanical complications. During liver transplantation four donor structures must be reconnected sequentially from posterior to anterior to the recipient counter part, which are the inferior vena cava (IVC), the main portal vein (MPV), the hepatic artery, and the extrahepatic bile duct. Mechanical complications are encountered related to these Multiple complications can be observed after liver transplantation.
Although there is increasing survival of patients after OLT, the risk of complications after surgery persists. Vascular complications are ones of the most common and life threatening complications after OLT. As there are no specific clinical features or laboratory markers imaging plays the main role in making correct diagnosis. Ultrasound is the first line imaging modality for evaluating transplanted liver vasculature as it has good availability and in experienced hands may provide precise diagnosis.
Three dimension multi-slice CT angiography with volume rendering can reveal common and potentially lethal vascular complications in patients who have undergone liver transplantation .it is a valuable technique for evaluating the postoperative liver transplant patient, allowing for the accurate assessment of the early detection of complications. A sound understanding of the clinical abnormalities that can occur following transplantation will allow the radiologist to make a sound interpretation of the CT findings, which then enables rapid implementation of the correct management strategy.
Diagnostic imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of the liver after transplant and in the detection of complications such as vascular and biliary diseases, acute and chronic rejection and neoplastic recurrence. Integrated imaging using color-Doppler, CT reach a high level of sensitivity and specificity in the management of transplanted patients.
Invasive and non-invasive diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in the follow-up after transplant in monitoring the vascular anastomosis, detection of pathologies which can arise as a consequence of immunosuppressive drugs, and identification of new or recurrent neoplastic lesions. Post-transplant monitoring should include daily ultrasound and color-Doppler US examinations combined with daily chest x-rays during the first week in order to rule out infective pathologies
US is the main initial imaging modality for the evaluation of liver transplant dysfunction due to its easy availability and high sensitivity in the detection of vascular. CT is complementary to US and is often used as a problem-solving modality, being reserved for second-line investigation when US findings are indeterminate or inconclusive. Imaging is useful for the detection of early and late complications, as well as for long-term follow-up to assess transplant viability.
Multi-detector CT is a safe, non-invasive, accurate, and reliable method that can be used to show patency, stenosis, or thrombosis of the hepatic vessels in liver transplant patients and so with the current role of CT for the detection of nonvascular transplant complications, multi-detector CT angiography with 3D volume rendering is an exciting modality that may be the only imaging test required in the evaluation of patients after liver transplantation.