الفهرس 
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Abstract
* Summary:
The present study aimed to evaluate the fracture resistance of teeth after four disinfection protocols by:
1. Diode laser (980nm).
2. Erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser (Er,Cr:YSGG).
3. Triple Antibiotic paste.
4. Calcium hydroxide with Iodoform.
Sixty single rooted extracted mandibular premolars were collected for this study. Decoronation of the specimens was done at the length of 14 mm for standardization. Specimens were cleaned and shaped using gates glidden drills for coronal flaring and then the root canals were enlarged apically up to size #40 master apical file using K-file types, irrigation was done with 5.25% NaOCL, Finally root canals were flushed with saline solution and dried with paper points
The specimens were then divided randomly into 5 groups according to the root canal disinfection protocol, 12 specimen each. (group 1: Disinfection using Diode laser), (group 2: Disinfection using Er,Cr:YSGG laser), (group 3: Disinfection using Triple Antibiotic paste), (group 4: Disinfection using Metapex), (group 5: roots with no disinfection “control group”).
After root canal disinfection all specimens were sealed coronally and incubated at 37 ºC for 2 weeks.
Obturation was then done for all 60 root canals with gutta-percha points and AH Plus sealer using cold lateral condensation technique.
Fracture resistance was tested using a Universal testing machine. Each specimen was embedded in acrylic block and was placed in the lower compartment of the testing machine; load was applied until fracture occurred. The load value at fracture was recorded in Newtons (N)
Data was collected and statistically analysed and intergroup comparison was done using One-way ANOVA test to test for significance.
Under the conditions of this study, the statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the tested groups (p>0.05 no significance).
* Conclusions:
With respect to the conditions and results of this study it could be concluded that:
1- Diode laser (980 nm) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 µm) with water coolant has no adverse effect on the dentin fracture resistance.
2- Triple antibiotic paste and calcium hydroxide with iodoform application as intracanal medicaments for two weeks has no adverse effect on the fracture resistance of dentin.