الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hepatitis B is one of the most common and serious infectious diseases worldwide. Approximately one third of the world’s population has been infected with the HBV. About 5% of the populations are chronic carriers of HBV, and nearly 25% of all carriers develop serious liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV infection causes more than one million deaths every year.
The natural history of chronic HBV infection is dynamic, involving a complex interplay between the virus, the hepatocyte and the host immune system. Broadly, there are four stages of variable duration and not necessary sequential; (immune tolerant, immune clearance, immune control and immune escape).
The two main outcomes of chronic HBV infection are liver cirrhosis and Hepatocellular carcinoma, either of which can lead to a liver-related death. Hence early diagnosis and treatment of chronic HBV infection is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality.
Methodology:
This study is a retrospective descriptive study which was carried out in Suez city, Egypt. A total of 168 patients with chronic Hepatitis B (both treatment-eligible and treatment-ineligible) who were following up monthly at the Communicable Disease Research and Training Center during the period between December 2010 and December 2015 were enrolled in our study of which 28 patients were excluded due to interrupted follow up. Therefore 140 patients were included in our results.
Data about the research participant were collected retrospectively from medical records in the form of clinical, laboratory and imaging data, aiming at describing the natural history of chronic hepatitis B as to improve its management plan by predicting the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and by predicting the.