الفهرس 
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic specific bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis) but, in a minority of cases other organs may also be involved (extra-pulmonary tuberculosis).
There were 10.4 million new TB cases in 2015 and 1.2 million among HIV-positive people.
In Egypt, Tuberculosis is considered to be the third most important communicable disease after schistosomiasis and hepatitis C.
Patients and methods:
The current study is a retrospective one, which was conducted on 120 TB patients admitted to El-Maamora Chest Hospital for evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to RIF in respiratory specimens.
All files of patients were reviewed and data were collected and analyzed for the following:
1-Demographic data of patients included in the study.
2-Type of patients (new, relapse, defaulter or treatment failure).
3-special habits
4-Clinical examinations.
5-Laboratory investigations.
6-Radiological investigations. (plain CXR)
7-Microbiological investigations
- Direct smear stained by ZN
- Culture
- Xpert
Results:
•In the present study male patients (85 %) were more than females (15%) and the most common age group affected was 29-53 years old.
•The most frequent special habit was cigarette smoking.
•In the present study, retreated cases of TB were 53.3 %, while the new cases were 46.7%
•The most common presentation was cough followed by anorexia and night sweating.
•The main CXR findings in our study were infilteration mostly upper lobe 42.5%.
Bacteriology results:
•In our study the results of the microbiological examination of sputum samples. ZN smear was positive in 68 patients (63 %) and negative in 40 patients (37 %).Sputum culture was positive in 94 patients (87 %) and negative in 14 patients (13%), while for Xpert 90 patients (83.3 %) were positive and 18 patients (16.7 %) were negative.
•Regarding the results of the microbiological examination of 12 pleural fluid samples for ZN stain, one sample was positive (8.3 %) and 11 samples were negative (91.7 %).While for culture 4 samples (33.3 %) were positive and 8 samples (66.7 %) were negative. For Xpert, 2 samples (17 %) were positive and 10 samples (83) % were negative.
•from 21 RIF-resistant specimens confirmed by DST only 19 specimens were RIF-resistant by Xpert.
•According to sputum and BAL culture results (as culture is the gold standard) the overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV Xpert on were, 93.62%, 85.71%, 97.78% and 66.67% respectively.
•According to pleural fluid culture results, the overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of Xpert on pleural fluid samples were, 50%, 100%, 100% and 80 % respectively,
•According to drug susceptibility tests for RIF resistance results, the overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of Xpert were, 90.48%, 98.6%, 95.0% and 97.2% respectively.