الفهرس 
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells present in all tissues. As multipotent cells, MSCs can differentiate into multiple lineages.
Mesenchymal stem cells have been proposed as potential sources of stem cells for regenerative modalities. Thus, one of the goals of regenerative medicine is to ameliorate male hypogonadism by harnessing the power of stem cells to initiate their differentiation into testicular Leydig cells.
Accordingly, UC.MSCs give a good source for Leydig cells differentiation as a source for testosterone production, a therapeutic modality for male hypogonadism.
The aim of this work is to induce Leydig cells differentiation using UC.MSCs.
The present study involved 25 umbilical cord samples, it was held at clinical pathology department Menuofia University during the period from January 2017 to May 2018.
The samples were subjected to the explant method or enzymatic method then after 10-15 days, the presence of MSCs was evaluated by harvesting of MSCs at the base of the flasks by trypsinization and identified by flowcytometric analysis of CD44,CD73 and CD34, then addition of growth factors which are 250 μg LH hormone, 400 μg hCG, 25 μg platelet derived growth factor, 25 μg interleukin 1α to 25 ml complete nutrient medium to induce MSCs differentiation into Leydig cells which could be identified by morphological criteria, Immunophenotyping and immunocytochemistry after 18-21days from growth factor application.
The results of this study revealed that MSCs showed CD44 expression, lack of specific cell surface markers of hematopoietic cells like CD34. The expression of CD73 was ranging from 73.20 to 90.90 of the cultured cells expressing the marker with mean ±SD (81.89±5.68). The expression of CD34 was ranging from 0.80 to 4.90 of the cultured cells expressing the marker with mean ±SD (2.33 ± 1.14).
MSCs induced with inductive media show morphological changes consistent with Leydig cells as compared to the symmetric morphology of the uninduced cells, which was shown by the inverted microscope. Induced MSCs showed high positive expression of 3B HSD, ranged between 62.0 to 91.0% with mean (77.24 ± 8.36). In comparison to non-induced MSCs which showed low positive expression of 3B HSD (1.7 ± 0.6).