الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A sound cleaning and sanitization program is needed for controlled environments used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical articles to prevent the microbial contamination of these articles. The cleaning and sanitization program should achieve specified cleanliness standards, control microbial contamination of products, and be designed to prevent the chemical contamination of pharmaceutical ingredients, product-contact surfaces and/or equipment, packaging materials, and ultimately the drug products.
When selecting a disinfectant for use in a pharmaceutical manufacturing area, the following points should be considered: the number and types of microorganisms to be controlled; the spectrum of activity of commercially available disinfectants; the disinfectant or sanitizer supported by the authorized registrations; the concentration, application method, contact time of the disinfectant; the nature of the surface material being disinfected and its compatibility with the disinfectant; the amount of organic compounds on the surface that may inactivate a disinfectant; the corrosiveness of the disinfectant to equipment with repeated application; the safety considerations for operators applying the disinfectant; the compatibility of the disinfectant with cleaning agents and other disinfectants and the planned disinfectant rotation.
This present study is aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal efficiency of purity 4 disinfectant used in clean production rooms against three disinfectants (alcohol 70%, chorine 1% and phenol 5%) and to determine the optimum concentration used and exposure time required for each disinfectant used.
The study revealed the following results:
1-Purity4 (1%) was the least concentration to be used at contact time 5 minutes against S.aureus.
2-Chlorine (1%) was to be used at contact time 5 minutes against S.aureus.
3-Ethyl alcohol (70%) was to be used at contact time 30 minutes against S.aureus.
4-Phenol (5%) was to be used at contact time 30 minutes against S.aureus.
5-Purity4 (1%) was the least concentration to be used at contact time 5 minutes against P.aeruginosa.
6-Chlorine (1%) was to be used at contact time 5 minutes against P.aeruginosa.
7-Ethyl alcohol (70%) was to be used at contact time 30 minutes against P.aeruginosa.
8-Phenol (5%) was to be used at contact time 30 minutes against P.aeruginosa.
9-Purity4 (1%) was the least concentration to be used at contact time 5 minutes against Asp.niger.
10-Chlorine (1%) was to be used at contact time 5 minutes against Asp.niger.
11-Ethyl alcohol (70%) was to be used at contact time 30 minutes against Asp. niger.
12- Phenol (5%) was to be used at contact time 30 minutes against Asp. niger.
13- Purity4 (1%) was the least concentration to be used at contact time 5 minutes against C.albicans.
14- Chlorine (1%) was to be used at contact time 5 minutes against C.albicans.
15- Ethyl alcohol (70%) was to be used at contact time 30 minutes against C.albicans.
16- Phenol (5%) was to be used at contact time 30 minutes against C.albicans.
17- Purity4 (1%) showed 7.446 log reduction on epoxy, 9.473 log reduction on glass and 7.493 log reduction on stainless steel at 5 minutes contact time against S.aureus.
18- Chlorine (1%) showed 8.128 log reduction on epoxy, 8.059 log reduction on glass and 9.051 log reduction on stainless steel at 5 minutes contact time against S.aureus.
19- Ethyl alcohol (70%) showed 8.024 log reduction on epoxy, 6.310 log reduction on glass and 9.021 log reduction on stainless steel at 30 minutes contact time against S.aureus.
20- Phenol (5%) showed 8.410 log reduction on epoxy, 7.862 log reduction on glass and 8.885 log reduction on stainless steel at 30 minutes contact time against S.aureus.
21- Purity4 (1%) showed 7.075 log reduction on epoxy, 6.827 log reduction on glass and 8.295 log reduction on stainless steel at 5 minutes against P.aeruginosa.
22- Chlorine (1%) showed 8.342 log reduction on epoxy, 4.620 log reduction on glass and 4.767 log reduction on stainless steel at 5 minutes against P.aeruginosa.
23- Ethyl alcohol (70%) showed 7.997 log reduction on epoxy, 9.479 log reduction on glass and 9.471 log reduction on stainless steel at 30 minutes against P.aeruginosa.
24- Phenol (5%) showed 4.5333 log reduction on epoxy, 7.846 log reduction on glass and 4.958 log reduction on stainless steel at 30 minutes against P.aeruginosa.
25- Purity4 (1%) showed 7.565 log reduction on epoxy, 8.309 log reduction on glass and 8.311 log reduction on stainless steel at 5 minutes contact time against Asp.niger.
26- Chlorine (1%) showed >7.662 log reduction on epoxy, 7.531 log reduction on glass and >8.311 log reduction on stainless steel at 5 minutes contact time against Asp.niger .
27- Ethyl alcohol (70%) showed 7.009 log reduction on epoxy, 4.831 log reduction on glass and 6.105 log reduction on stainless steel at 30 minutes contact time against Asp.niger.
28- Phenol (5%) showed 7.034 log reduction on epoxy, 7.707 log reduction on glass and 6.709 log reduction on stainless steel at 30 minutes contact time against Asp.niger.
29- Purity4 (1%) showed 7.093 log reduction on epoxy, > 7.541 log reduction on glass and > 7.539 log reduction on stainless steel at 5 minutes contact time against C.albicans.
30- Chlorine (1%) showed 7.269 log reduction on epoxy, 7.064 log reduction on glass and 6.584 log reduction on stainless steel at 5 minutes contact time against C.albicans .
31- Ethyl alcohol (70%) showed >7.269 log reduction on epoxy, 7.541 log reduction on glass and 6.584 log reduction on stainless steel at 30 minutes contact time against C.albicans .
32- Phenol (5%) showed 6.792 log reduction on epoxy, 6.696 log reduction on glass and 7.539 log reduction on stainless steel at 30 minutes contact time against C.albicans .
from the results of this study, it could be concluded that:
1- Phenol (5%) was the best disinfectant on epoxy in case of S. aureus.
2- Purity4 (1%) was the best disinfectant on glass in case of S. aureus.
3- Chlorine (1%) was the best disinfectant on stainless steel in case of S. aureus.
4- Chlorine (1%) was the best disinfectant on epoxy in case of P. aeruginosa.
5- Ethyl alcohol (70%) was the best disinfectant on both glass and stainless steel in case of P. aeruginosa.
6- Chlorine (1%) was the best disinfectant on both epoxy and stainless steel in case of Asp. niger.
7-Purity4 (1%) was the best disinfectant on glass in case of Asp. niger.
8- Ethyl alcohol (70%) was the best disiPurity4 (1%) was the best disinfectant on both glass and stainless steel in case of C. albicans.