الفهرس 
Chapter 1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Biomaterials have been increasingly applied to improve surgical procedures of missed bones or to restore the quality of life especially for elderly people. Every year, several millions of patients worldwide need bone grafts and other orthopedic as well as dental surgeries, therefore, the demand for these biomaterials increases every year. However, it is crucial that these materials should be non-toxic, biocompatible and immunogenic.
Biomaterials have several medical applications such as their main use in medical sutures and as substitutes for heart valves and cruciate ligaments in addition to their uses at blood vessels defects as well as dental and bone surgeries.
This study aim to synthesis biomaterials formed of phosphatic/silk fibroin! chitosan /nanosilver by using gamma radiation and study their effects on the physical and chemical properties of the developed nanoparticles.
To overcome bacterial infection that occur during or after biomaterials implantation surgeries, silver nanoparticles enveloped by chitosan was prepared by gamma ray irradiation (15-110 kGy). Different concentrations of silver nitrate were used to optimize its concentration in the synthesis process.
Phosphatic biomaterials had been developed from either hydroxyapatite or octac;alcium phosphate (matrix) to reinforced organic silk fibroin (filler) by a ratio of 70:30 %. Silk fibroin was prepared from natural silk fibroin cocoons which is non-immunogenic. Two extraction protocols were used