الفهرس 
Historical aspectsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is considered a highly curable disease; however, 20% of patients cannot be cured with standard first-line chemotherapy and have a dismal outcome.
A subset of patients with advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma is refractory to standard therapies. Therefore, it is relevant to identify new biologically‐based prognostic markers. Recently, tumor‐associated macrophages have been proposed as a factor that predicts survival, although contradictory results have been reported.
Two different antibodies against macrophage-associated antigens, namely CD68 and CD163, were studied in several studies before. While CD68 is reported to be a pan-macrophage marker with less specificity, CD163 expression is considered more specific for tumor-infiltrating macrophages.
Here, we present a Prospective study to identify the impact of Tumor-associated macrophages invasion of the microenvironment in Adult Classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients with advanced stage disease (III& IV), to be correlated with the various diagnostic and prognostic factors, as well as the response to therapy.
We analyzed two of macrophage markers (CD68& CD163), using Immunohistochemistry in 20 patients with advanced stage classical Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Our study revealed high expression of both CD68& CD163. We estimated the positivity of CD68& CD163 expression as a score of three grades with cut-off points 25%, 50%& >50%.
Nevertheless, we did not find a significant correlation between the grade of expression& other parameters as age, sex& Laboratory findings.
The median DFS for the whole cohort was 7 months. When estimated in each grade separately for both CD68& CD163, it wasnearly the same ranging from 6-8 months. But, median DFS in patients with GIII expression for CD68 was 6 months. However, there was no statistical significance (p-value >0.05).
We found that 15 of the whole cohort received a second-line chemotherapy regimen, while 14 were treated with high-dose chemotherapy& autologous stem-cell transplantation.
We can confirm that there is a high expression of both CD68&CD163 in advanced stage CHL, a finding that might establish a prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages using CD68 and CD163 immunohistochemistry in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.