الفهرس 
Ulcerative ColitisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary Ulcerative colitis is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that affects the large bowel and is a major disorder under the broad group of conditions termed inflammatory bowel disease. It is characterized by colonic mucosal ulceration, manifested mainly with abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fecal urgency and diarrhea. Long standing cases may develop CRC which is one of the great challenges facing those patients.
The precise etiology of UC is still unknown, but it is thought to be multifactorial, involving genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors. So that ulcerative colitis result from aberrant immune response to specific components of the intestinal microbiota in genetically susceptible hosts, with clinical flares of the diseases initiated and reactivated by environmental factors.
HMGB1 is an important mediator of IBD as well as a new target for therapy. Also it is associated with many severe inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as sepsis, acute pancreatitis, acute lung injury, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. It is a highly conserved, non-histone nuclear protein that functions to stabilize nucleic acid structure and modulate gene transcription and expression. Moreover, HMGB1 can be released into the cytoplasm and even the extracellular milieu from activated inflammatory cells or necrotic cells, which then triggers inflammation. Hyperacetylation of HMGB1 affects its DNA binding and redirects it toward the cytoplasm. Also HMGB1 expression