الفهرس 
Introduction
Breast CancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted on ninty informed and consented (according to the guidelines of the ethical committee of Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University) female individuals. 80 patients with breast cancer aged from 30 to 68 years old attending the Surgical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, were recruited as study cases. Serum glucose, Kidney function tests, Liver function tests, Peripheral haemogram, prothrombin time & concentration were done. Ten apparently healthy female individuals were included in this study as the control group for comparison. Their age ranged from 25 to 40 years with normal clinical examination.
They were classified into:
Control group:
• group 1: 10 healthy controls aged (25 to 40 years) from healthy volunteers after informed consent.
Patient groups:
• group 2: Stage I breast cancer : 20 patients.
• group 3: Stage II breast cancer : 20 patients.
• group 4: Stage III breast cancer : 20 patients.
• group 5: Stage IV breast cancer : 20 patients.
Summary
The following specific investigations were done for all the studied groups:
1- Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3).
2-Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA).
3- Cyclin D by ELISA.
Findings of this study:
1) Carcinoma Antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) level :
None of the healthy females in control group (group 1) (0.0%) had elevated CA15-3 level above the cut-off value which was 30.09 IU/ml.
In group 2 (stage I breast cancer) 50% of the patients had elevated levels of CA15-3. In group 3 (stage II breast cancer) 65% of the patients had elevated levels of CA15-3. In group 4 (stage III breast cancer) 85% of the patients had elevated levels of CA15-3. In group 5 (stage IV breast cancer) 95% of the patients had elevated levels of CA15-3.
2) Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) level :
None of the healthy females in control group (group1) (0.0%) had elevated CEA above the cut-off value which was 5.07 ng/ml
In group 2 (stage I breast cancer) 25% of the patients had elevated levels of CEA. In group 3 (stage II breast cancer) 20% of the patients had elevated levels of CEA. In group 4 (stage III breast cancer) 75% of the patients had elevated levels of CEA. In group 5
Summary
(stage IV breast cancer) 75% of the patients had elevated level of CEA.
4) Cyclin D level:
None of the healthy females in control group (group1) (0.0%) had elevated Cyclin D level above the cut-off value which was (9.54 ng/ml).
In group 2 (stage I breast cancer) 80% of the patients had elevated level of Cyclin D. In group 3 (stage II breast cancer) 90% of the patients had elevated level of Cyclin D. In group 4 (stage III breast cancer) 95% of the patients had elevated level of Cyclin D. In group 5 (stage IV breast cancer) 100% of the patients had elevated level of Cyclin D.
Correlation of CA15-3, CEA and Cyclin D with each other:
There was a significant positive correlation in a comparison
between Cyclin D positivity with CEA and CA 15-3
concentrations.
Sensitivity and specificity of CA15-3, CEA and Cyclin D:
The combination CA15-3, CEA and Cyclin D resulted in the highest sensitivity (95.2 %), the highest specificity (100%) and the highest diagnostic accuracy (96%).