الفهرس 
Premature ovarian failureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
VII-Summary & Conclusion
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a syndrome that includes decrease of folliculogenesis, hypergonadotrophic and hypoestrogenic amenorrhea and infertility in women below 40 years old. POF is manifested by abrupt cessation of menstruation periods more than 4 months, this menstrual cessation is associated with vasomotor manifestation e.g. hot flushes in the face and neck or sweating. Also, psychological stress in the form of anexiety and depression. manifestations of hypoestrogenemia such as osteoporosis, arthritis and bone mass loss, genital tract atrophy which includes vaginal dryness, Irritation and dyspareunia. Other symptoms like weight gain, headache, palpitation and vertigo. The risk of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis and hypertension increase in women suffering from POF.
POF is diagnosed when amenorrhea persists for more than 4 months, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels ≥ 40 mIU per milliliter), obtained more than 1 month apart. Prevalence of POF is 1 % of women below 40 years old, 0.1% of women below 30years old and 0.01% of women under the age of 20.
POF is multicausal pathogenesis which includes genetic, autoimmune, metabolic, infectious, and iatrogenic causes, but idiopathic cause is the main cause of POF. Genetic cause is observed familial POF cases indicate genetic role in POF. They are mainly due to X chromosome abnormality such as turner syndrome. Around 4-30% of POF cases have an autoimmune disease, the most.