الفهرس 
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Abstract
C
esarean section is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures by obstetricians. Despite the wide spread use of prophylactic antibiotic, post operative infections still a serious complication of cesarean section which includes endometritis, wound infection, urinary tract infection, pelvic abscess and septic pelvic thrombo-phlebitis.
Endometritis is a complication that occur after labour and more common after cesarean section than normal vaginal delivery. Endometritis is an infection of endometrium (lining of the uterus) with a characteristic triad (fever 38oC and more, uterine tenderness and offensive vaginal discharge) which need intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics. This infection is polymicrobial that move up from vaginal tract and cervix to infect endometrium.
Some obstetricians believe that the cervix of women at non-labour caesarean section is undilated and might cause obstruction of blood or lochia drainage, leading to postpartum haemorrhage and endometritis from collection of lochia or debris. Dilatation of the cervix helps with the drainage of blood during postpartum, reducing intrauterine infection or the risk of postpartum haemor¬rhage. To avoid this problem, some obstetricians routinely dilate the cervix from above during an elective/non-labour caesarean sec¬tion using finger, sponge forceps or other instruments.
This study included 300 pregnant women who attended labor ward to undergo elective cesarean section This clinical trial was conducted at Ain-Shams University Maternity Hospital Cairo Egypt those women were divided into two groups, group A 150 women who underwent mechanical dilatation and group B who included 150 women who didn’t undergo mechanical dilatation.
The study aim was to compare the efficacy of mechanical dilatation of cervix at non labor cesarean section versus non dilatation to reduce post-operative endometritis.
The incidence of endometritis was found to be 2.1% in study group and 2.8% in control group (p-value 0.913).
The study shows no statistically significant difference between groups according to endometritis.