الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Our study showed significant familiarity (lower stigma) for cannabis among rural area dwellers like in el Qalobia. And there were highly significant perceived dangerousness and social distance (higher stigma) for poly-substance and for heroin and alcohol among participants living in urban areas like in Cairo.
Our study showed higher familiarity with yet higher perceived dangerousness (higher stigma) for poly-substance among physicians, higher perceived dangerousness (higher stigma) for benzodiazepine among house officers and higher perceived dangerousness (higher stigma) for heroin among clerical workers.
Our study showed highly significant relation between level of familiarity and level of education with a significant familiarity (less stigma) for heroin among PHD and master and a highly significant relation between level of familiarity and benzodiazepine abuse among secondary, preparatory and primary school. Results showed a highly significant relation between perceived dangerousness and heroin and tramadol abuse (higher stigma) among technical school. There was a highly significant relation between perceived dangerousness and poly-substance abuse (higher stigma) among PHD and master.
Results showed a significant relation between fear for heroin and benzodiazepine (Higher stigma) among post-graduate and university, while results recorded a significant relation between fear and tramadol and poly-substance abuse (higher stigma) among PHD and master degree holders.
Our study showed significant perceived stigma across all class of psychoactive substances.