الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SAMMARY& CONCLUSION
The chlorine gas is used in the process of drinking water treatment in the Arab Republic of Egypt. There are 12 stations in Cairo Governorate alone. The use of chlorine gas causes the formation of trihalomethanes compounds that have a harmful effect on public health. Therefore, the study aims to know the factors affecting the formation of trihalomethanes compounds and the use of nanoparticles of iron and iron copper in the removal of these trihalomethanes compounds and also study the factors affecting the removal process.
The study includes the following:
- Determine the drinking water station under study and must be one of the largest water plants.
- Tracking values of THMs compounds in drinking water stations for 3 consecutive years.
- Study the factors affecting the formation of trihalomethanes compounds in drinking water.
- Studying the specifications of permissible values of THMs compounds in drinking water.
- Study of the effect of trihalomethanes on health.
- Preparation of nanoparticles of metallic iron, and bimetallic iron copper.
- characterization of nanoparticles of NZVI and Fe/Cu2+ using SEM and X- rays.
- Studying the different methods used in the removal of trihalomethanes from drinking water.
- Study of the factors affecting the removal of trihalomethanes compounds using nanoparticles of metallic iron and bimetallic iron copper.
- Comparative study between nanoparticles of metallic iron and bimetallic iron copper in the removal of trihalomethanes compounds.
The results are summarized as follows:
1- El-Fustat Water Station is considered one of the best stations to be the subject of the study. It is one of the largest drinking water stations in Egypt and the Middle East, with a capacity of more than one million cubic meters of drinking water per day.
2- The contact time of chlorine with water, pH, temperature, chlorine dose used in treatment and total organic carbon as well as bromide ion concentration are the most important factors affecting the formation of trihalomethanes compounds.
3- The kinetic reaction of the formation of trihalomethanes compounds was found to follow a first-order reaction rate and the proportionality constant is 0.005 minutes -1.
4- The nano particles of metallic iron and bimettalic iron and copper nanotubes were prepared by using sodium borhydrite method and the particles size were less than 100 nanometers.
5-Trihalomethanes compounds are four compounds chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane found in the treated water in the order of the chloroform > bromodichloromethane > dibromochloromethane > bromoform.
6 - The optimum dose of iron nanoparticles is 1.5 g/l and the removal rate was 55.6% for chloroform, 86.4% for bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane 92.1%.
7- The optimum dose bimetallic iron cupper nanotubes is 0.5 g /l. The removal ratio was 80.3% for chloroform, 87% for bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane 93.8%.
8-The best removal of trihalomethanes was carried out at pH 7 using metallic iron nanoparticles. The removal rate was 55.3% for chloroform, 87.25% for bromodichloromethane and 92.9% dibromochloromethane while 80.6% for chloroform, 87.5% for bromodichloromethane and 93.9% for dibromochloromethane using bimetallic iron copper nanopaericles.
9- Removal is clearly decreased in the alkaline medium and also in the acidic medium. pH 7 is considered the best for the removal process.
10- The ideal contact time to remove trihalomethanes compounds using nano iron particles was 360 minutes. The removal rate was 55.6% for chloroform, 86.4% for bromodichloromethane and 92.1% dibromochloromethan while 80.3% for chloroform, 87% for bromodichloromethane and 93.8 % dibromochloromethan using bimettalic iron copper nanoparticles.
11- The ideal temperature for removal of THMs compounds is 30 oC, where the removal rate was 58.2% for chloroform, 88.1% for bromodichloromethane and 94.1% dibromochloromethan using metallic iron nano paricles while 82.5% for chloroform, 88.1% for bromodichloromethane and 95.4% for dibromochloromethan using bimetallic iron cupper nano particles.
12- Conventional methods for the removal of trihalomethanes compounds do not break down these compounds, as opposed to the use of nano particles of iron and bimetallic iron copper nano particles, where a halogen atom is extracted.