الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) is a two dimensional numerical modelling software based on the distinct element method for discontinuum modelling. UDEC is used in analysis, testing, and design by geotechnical, civil, and mining engineers. The fact that numerical analysis contains many hypothetical data, which may seriously affect the actuality of the model and it’s consequently results. However, data collected from the structure monitoring sensors, represent a real behavior of specific location, in other word it present discrete information about the studied structure. Present work is aiming to search through the possibility of using the monitoring data to validate result of numerical modelling of underground structure, excavated in natural rock. Serapeum of Saqqara is an ancient tunnel located at the north west of pyramid of Djoser. Serapeum is considered historically to be the eternal site of Apis (the tomb of bull) which was discovered in 1851. Stresses and deformation sensors had been installed at four stations along interiors of the Serapeum for collecting number of monitored data used in deformation analysis of the Serapeum tunnel and checking its long term stability. By using stresses monitored data collected from one of the most important ancient tunnels as the Serapeum tunnel considered a satisfied validating of the Serapeum UDEC numerical modelling. It was observed that UDEC numerical modelling can accurately represent the Serapeum tunnel deformation behavior qualitatively while the quantitative numerical analysis for this software cannot be obtained exactly because the available software is in the form of 2-D analysis and it was too difficult to obtain one of the 3-D vers.