الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Patients undergoing thoracotomy experience moderate to severe pain which may cause serious complications e.g pulmonary complications and chronic pain syndrome
So ‚providing effective analgesia in the acute postoperative period is imperative not only to relieve postoperative pain but also to reduce such complications .
Traditional analgesia techniques include the administration of intravenous (IV) drugs (opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs )NSAIDs), local anesthetic injections to the wound site and thoracic epidural block. These methods may be ineffective‚ hazardous‚ technically difficult or contraindicated.
The use of ultrasonography (US) in nerve block (NB) has increased the use of novel techniques for NB to avoid complications of traditional techniques.