الفهرس 
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Abstract
3D printing technology is one of the most important evolutions in the last decades. It has the ability to convert 3D design into tactile object. Examples of medical uses of 3D printing include creation of anatomic models that can be used for educational purposes and preoperative planning. Creation of custom-made surgical instruments and prosthesis is also an uprising utility of 3D printers which allows better results and time saving.
Craniofacial surgery is one of the moist important applications of 3D printing due to the complexity of anatomy and deformities in this region. The use of 3D printing as well as computer aided planning can provide multiple tools for the preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance.
The 3D printed models can be in the form of: 1) anatomical templates. 2) Guides (occlusal guides, reposition guides or osteotomy guides). 3) Prosthesis and implants. The type of 3d printed template varies according to the pattern of deformity and surgical intervention. There are different types of 3D printing technologies which can be categorized into fused deposition modelling, liquid based 3d printing (stereolithography) and powder based 3D printing (e.g. selective laser sintering)
In this study we evaluated the use of 3D printed models in 4 categories of craniofacial surgery. The first is traumatic deformities which included 18 patients of unilateral fracture orbit. The second category was post tumor resection deformities this included ( 3 patients of intraorbital tumors,2 patients of skull reconstruction, 6 patients of mandible reconstruction and 2 patients of maxillary reconstruction).The third was congenital deformities which included 23 patients (14 plagiocephaly and 9 trigonocephaly).The fourth was orthognathic surgery which included 35 patients who underwent simulation guided orthognathic surgery.
Summary
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The workflow of the process started with computer aided planning which consisted of: (1) Data acquisition (2) segmentation. (3) Diagnostic phase (measurements and mirroring). (4) Virtual surgical planning. (5) Design