الفهرس 
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Abstract
from the surgery point of view, intestinal obstruction either partial or complete
is one of the most common affections in dogs. Obstruction can be a result of ingestion
of a foreign body (e.g : stones, rocks, socks, toys, bone pieces and plastic balls),
intussusception, volvulus or torsion, intramural haematoma, extramural compression or
intestinal tumor. Intestinal obstruction leads to disturbance in acid base balance due to
severe loss of fluids and electrolyte. Enterotomy or enterotomy is performed according
to intestinal viability by resection of affected part of intestine and reanastomosis.
This study aimed to perform induced obstruction by four techniques ( on level
of lumen, on level of lumen with fixed knot, on level of lumen with ligation of blood
vessels and induced intussusception) and evaluate clinical, hematological and chemical
and histopathological changes after induction of obstruction and following resection
and reanastomosis.
The experimental work was carried out on 12 apparently healthy mongrel
dogs, their age ranged from 9 to 24 months and their weight ranged from 15 to 25 kg.
All dogs were fully examined before admission to The Clinic Of Faculty Of Veterinary
Medicine - Alexandria University. Dogs were kept in clean metal cages and were fed
twice daily a meal formed of bread and cooked chicken meat.
All operation in the present study was performed under the effect of intravenous
general anaesthesia using propofol 1% at a dose of 6 mg/kg b.wt. predisposed by
xylazine HCl as a preanaesthetic drug intramascular at a dose of 1 mg/kg b.wt.
Pulse rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were measured before operation and
before resolution and on 3rd., 5th. and 7th. day of resolution.
Urination, defecation, vomiting and dog’s appetite were closely observed and recorded.
Blood samples were collected before operation and before resolution and on 3rd., 5th.
and 7th. day of resolution. All samples were collected from cephalic vein. Samples
were collected in clean sterile tubes containing EDTA for complete blood picture to
evaluate the effect of obstruction on blood profile and blood count and blood glucose
level. Other sample was collected in serum- separating tubes to evaluate blood
chemistry profile measuring the level of BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, total
bilirubin and amylase.
Ultrasonographic examination was performed before obstruction and before resolution
to record accumulation of ingesta proximal to the site of obstruction.
A- Clinical signs after induction of obstruction:
Pulse rate, respiratory rate and body temperature were significantly increased with
further increase after resolution then declines again but staying within the normal
range.
Urination and defecation between the four groups along the length of the experiment.
Urination was normal but the rate was decreased on the 3rd. Day of resolution then
returning to normal on the 5th. And the 7th. Day of resolution, while defecation was
normal with alteration in consistency.
Vomiting was not evident and was reported to be absent after induction of obstruction
and reported only on the 3rd. day of resolution.
Summary
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Appetite was good but decreased on the 3rd. day of resolution returning to normal on
the 5th. Day and on the 7th.day of resolution.
A- Hematological and biochemical analysis:
Hb, RBCs, haematocrite, MCV, MCH and MCHC on different groups on different
periods cleared that, Hb decreased in the first group below the baseline then increasing
again then decrease and stayed below the baseline, while in other groups the Hb level
was non significantly decreased staying within the normal range. RBCs level decreased
after induction of obstruction then increased again after resolution then decreaed again
till the 7th.day of resolution. Haematocrite showed signficant decrease after induction
of obstruction then increased again after 3 days of resolution then decreased again on
the 5th.day with further decrease on the 7th. Day after resolution.
MCV level showed non-significant changes after induction of obstruction staying
within the normal level. MCH showed non signficant changes after induction of
obstruction staying within its normal level. MCHC level showed non-significant
changes staying with in its normal range after induction of obstruction and till the 7th.
Day of resolution this disagrees with the complete blood picture results who reported
that increased hematocrite level is measured in intestinal obstruction.
Platelets showed significant decrease after induction of obstruction then the level
increased on the 3rd. day of resolution then decreased again.
WBCs showed significant increase after induction of obstruction then decreased on the
3rd.day of resolution then increased again on the 5th. Day then decreased again on the
7th. day of resolution.
The result of current study on the effect of glucose was decreased significantly after
induction of obstruction with further decrease till the 3rd. day of resolution then begin
to increase again on the 5th.day with introduction of food.
The result of the present study on the effect of induction of obstruction on the
biochemical parameters of blood in different techniques cleared that, blood urea
nitrogen (BUN) was increased with a significant increase in the 4th. group (induced
intussusception).
Creatinine level showed a signficant increase in case of induced intussusception and
increase in other groups, AST and ALT showed non significant increase in 3 techniques
but showed a signficant increase in group of induced intussusception. ALP level was
significantly increased in all experimental group but decreased significantly in group of
induced intussusception. Total bilirubin showed non significant changes in 3 groups of
experiment but showed a significant increase in group 4 of induced intussusception.
Amylase level showed a significant increase but still within the normal range in all four
groups of experiment.
B- Radiography :
Radiographic findings in the present study showed accumulation of the positive
contrast media and slight distention of the intestinal loop prior to the site of obstruction.
C- Ultrasonography :
Ultrasonographic findings for the effect of induction of obstruction on three groups
revealed increased intestinal luminal diameter and distension of lumen with fluid and
gases proximal to the site of obstruction.
Summary
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D- Histopathology:-
The histopathological results of the present study after induction of obstruction
cleared that in case of induction of obstruction on level of lumen showed lymphocytic
infiltration in lamina propria and in submucosa prior to the site of obstruction while at
the site of obstruction it showed inflammatory and goblet cells infiltartion in muscularis
and after site of obstruction it showed normal Peyer’s patches with intact and healthy
villi.
In case of induction of obstruction on level of the lumen with ligation of blood
vessels it showed before the site of obstruction inflammatory cells infiltration with
congestion in adipose tissue of the mesentery and at the site of obstruction there was
multiple areas of congestion in submucosa and villi were distorted and congestion in
adipose tissue of the mesentry while after site of obstruction it showed well organized
villi with inflammatory cells infiltration in muscularis.
When induction of intussusception the result cleared congestion of serosa before
the site of obstruction and at the site it showed congestion with inflammatory cellular
infiltration in muscularis and after site it showed well organized