الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out at Gemmaiza Experimental Farm Station, Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, during the period from September 2015 to July 2016. In this respect, two separate experiments were conducted. Experiment I: This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of some antioxidants (both pure flax seeds lignan and fennel Foeniculum Vulgare (FVE)) administration on oestrus, ovarian activities, progesterone concentration, some blood parameters and reproductive performance during the breeding period. A total of 60 healthy Damascus does (1-2 parties), with 45.7±1.64 kg average body weight and aged 1.5-2 years old were used. The does were assigned to three groups, G1, G2, and G3 (20 for each) according to their body weight and fed basal ration, NRC (1981). The first group (G1) fed basal ration composed of 60% concentrates feed mixture (CFM) plus 20% clover hay, and 20% rice straw and served as the control group. The other two groups fed the same basal ration. The second group (G2) was orally administrated daily fennel (FVE) seed powder at level of (1% of animal feed daily). The third group (G3) was orally administrated daily lignan flax seeds (50 mg /kg live body weight). The experimental rations were used before two weeks of the beginning of the breeding period ENGLISH until the end of this period. The dose was stopped whenever the goats become fertilized. The experiment (I) was carried out on 15 September 2015. Composite feedstuffs samples were taken and stored for proximate analysis according to A.O.A.C (2000). Experiment II This experiment was performed to evaluate the influence administration of some antioxidants (both pure flax seeds lignan and fennel (FVE) on milk yield and composition, Immunity performance, some blood parameters, some blood oxidative enzymes, reproductive performance, and growth performance of kids during late pregnancy and lactation periods of Damascus goats. 45 healthy Damascus does (1-2 parties), with 48.2±1.64 kg average body weight and aged 1.5-2 years old were selected from the experimental I in the late pregnancy. The animals were divided into three groups according to their body weight (15 does each) were subjected to the same feeding and treatments as mentioned above in experiment I. All animals were already free from diseases and parasites. All animals during the pregnancy period and the first 14 weeks of lactation and kids pre-weaning period were fed according to (NRC 1981). The basal ration composed of 60% concentrate feed mixture: 40% roughage (berseem and rice straw), which was fed during the period from 25 January to mid of July. Animals housed in semi-open sheds under natural daylight conditions. The does allow drinking clean fresh water. Vitamins and minerals blocks were available all the time to does. The results of the present work could be summarized as follows Results of the first experiment Does of G2 were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the oestrus response (95%) as compared to those in G1 (75%) andG3 (90%), It is of interest to note that does of treated groups (G2 andG3) showed approximate duration estrus, ranging between 25.84 and 27.99h. The time onset oestrus of (G2 and G3) shorter about four and six days compared to that G1 (control), which confirms the importance of treatment of goats by antioxidants Data showed a significant (p<0.05) effect of treatment on the average number of ovulatory cycle and number of oestrus ovulatory cycle of does. Average number of ovulatory cycle and number oestrus ovulatory cycle was significantly the higher in G3, followed by G2 and the lowest was recorded in G1, and G3 followed by G2compared to G1 respectively. Results showed no significant different between G1 and G3 in plasma progesterone (P4) concentration in the pre-oestrus period, but G2 had the highest level plasma P4 concentration. On the other hand (regardless of treatment) results showed no significant differences between all groups in plasma P4 concentration at the onset of oestrus (at mating). Plasma P4 concentration was significantly (P<0.05) higher in G2 than in G1 and G3in 4days after mating. Plasma P4 concentration in G3 was higher than G1 and G2 in 8days after mating. The result showed that the total protein and albumin concentration, while globulin concentration were significantly (p<0.05) in plasma was no significant differences. Higher values of total protein and albumin were obtained in G2 andG3 compared to the control group (G1) The results showed that the effect of the treated groups were recorded higher values of blood plasma total cholesterol, glucose and HDL concentrations compared with the control group. Meanwhile, Lower values of blood plasma LDL concentrations were obtained in G2 and G3 compared with the control group. Data showed that the effect of treatments of G2and G3 decreased (AST, ALT, and triglyceride concentrations revealed significantly lower in treated groups (G2and G3) compared to the control group. Results showed significant (p<0.05) effect of treatment on Conception rate, fertility, fecundity and Kidding rate were significantly (p<0.05) the higher in G2 compared to G3and G1, being inG2 was 95%, 95%, 120%, 126% respectively ,while G3 90%, 85%, 85%, 100% compared to the control group was 75%, 50%,45%, 90% respectively. On other hand, kids born per doe joined, kids born per doe kidded, number of viable kids at weaning reproductive ability kids weaned/does kidded were significantly (P<0.05) the higher in G2 followed by G3and the lowest were recorded in G1. Unfortunately, does in G1showed the highest twining frequency (%) compared with G2 and G3. A result of G2 showed significantly (P< 0.05) effect of treatment on kids weaned/does kidded, kg. of kids born per doe joined kg. of kids born per doe kidded kg. of kids weaned per doe joined, and kg. of kids weaned per doe kidded, followed by G3 compared to G1.