الفهرس 
Introduction
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and Conclusion
Intestinal capillariasis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by Capillaria philippinensis, tiny nematode parasite of fish-eating birds.
This study was designed to detect the prevalence of C. philippinensis infection, with reference to some relevant risk factors among clinically suspected cases with intestinal capillariasis attending Assiut university hospital.
In the present study, forty two patients clinically suspected to be infected with C. philippinensis were diagnosed by microscopy, copro- ELISA and nPCR assays to determine the prevalence of capillariasis infection. With a prevalence rates of 23.8%, 95.2%, 83.3 % for microscopy, copro- ELISA and copro DNA respectively.
In an attempt to detect possible risk factors that contribute to infection, all infected patients give history of fish cleaning and evisceration by themselves. So it considered source and risk factor for C. philippinensis infection. Also, the majority of infected patients were from rural areas that reflect the role of social standard in disease transmission.
In the present work, seven species of freshwater fish commonly found in fresh water in Egypt were selected for examination. These fishes are usually caught in large quantities for domestic consumption and may act as natural intermediate host for C. philippinensis. Adult and larval stages of Capillaria spp were recovered from only two species; bayad (Bagrus bajad) and bolty (Oreochromis niloticus). An experimental infection of bolty (Oreochromis niloticus) and karmout (catfish, Clarias species) fish with eggs and/or larvae isolated from infected patient´s stool was attempted without success.
Fish Capillaria spp. crude adult worm antigen was used in serodiagnosis of human capillariasis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This antigen was able to detect anti- Capillaria antibodies in the sera of infected cases at the same OD value obtained with Capillaria philippinensis crude adult worm antigen. This assay highlights the usefulness of using fish Capillaria antigen in diagnosis of human intestinal capillariasis.
The current study clarified for the first time the antigenic profiles and similarity between C. philippinensis adult worm, egg, coproantigen and fish Capillaria spp. adult worm from the aspect of molecular weight using SDS- technique against C. philippinensis serum. The crude protein extracts were used instead of purified ones. Although complex mixes of proteins are difficult to proteomic analysis, the examination of these crude extracts had the advantage of increasing the chance of detecting the most abundant common proteins expressed by these parasites and that could be relevant with respect to the aim of our study.
It was valuable to note that, not all these shared polypeptides bands were recognized by western blotting of the antigens against C. philippinensis serum (diluted 1:100). The decreased number of polypeptide bands detected by WB technique might be due to decreased sensitivity of the test by repeated freezing and thawing of the used serum.
The genetic characterization of C. philippiensis and fish Capillaria spp is useful to achieve the basic information necessary for that field and may have implications for the diagnosis and control of the diseases. To understand the genetic variability and reconstruct the phylogenic relationships of the examined parasites, the RAPD- PCR was used. Interspecific differentiation between fish and human isolates was easily assessed 100 % and it was clearer with all primers used, intraspecific difference among five C.philippinenis samples was high 89.8 % while, among fifteen fish Capillaria spp . samples was 100%. This inter - species variation among fish Capillaria spp. and human isolates strengthen the belief that Capillaria spp.found in these fish type (bayad) not the cause of human infection and these are two different species.