الفهرس 
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Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Polymer science in our life
Polymer science was born in the great industrial laboratories of the world of the need to make and understand new kinds of plastics, adhesives, fibers, rubber and coatings. Polymers are becoming one of the most popular and important materials in modem society, they serve as the very basis of both plant and animal life as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. In the construction business, they serve as the concrete, insulation, and wooden and composite beams. At home, they are as the materials for our rugs, curtains, coatings, wastepaper baskets, water pipes, window glass, ice cube trays, and pillows. In transportation, they are present in ever-increasing amounts in our aircraft, automobiles, ships, and trucks. In communication, they form critical components in our telephones, TVs, computers, compact discs, newspapers, optical fibers, and cell phones. Plastics act as favorite materials for our toys. Our food is polymer intense as meats, vegetables, breads, and cookies. Outside our homes, they are present in our flowers, trees, soil and beaches. In fact, it is improbable that a polymer is not involved in your present activity reading a paper book, and if your eyes need corrective vision, glasses of one variety or another (1). Many polymers have desirable physical and chemical properties. Some polymers are stronger on a weight basis than steel. Most are resistant to rapid degradation and rusting (2).
1.1.1 Classification of Polymers
There are several ways of classification of polymers based on some special considerations as shown in Figure 1