الفهرس 
Introduction
Chapter I: Preliminary phytochemical screening of E. grandisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Elaeocarpus grandis L. is an Australian rainforest large tree bearing blue edible fruits, globose, 20–30 mm diam. Leaves simple, lamina usually oblong-elliptic, mostly 8–19 cm long, 1–4 cm wide, glabrous, margins regularly toothed; petiole 10–20 mm long flowers usually Racemes often 1-sided, pedicels 10–15 mm long. Petals 15 mm long, each divided into 5 primary lobes and each lobe further divided into 2 or 3 linear lobes, greenish white. E. grandis possess interesting biological activities. Phytochemical analysis has recently yielded a number of important phytocompounds, particularly alkaloids, with significant biological properties. The current study of E. grandis included:
Part I:
Phytochemical study of E. grandis aerial parts including:
• Preliminary phytochemical screening.
• Extraction, fractionation, isolation of different constituents.
• Identification of the isolated compounds.
Part II:
Biological study of E. grandis including:
A) Evaluation of the acute toxicity of the total extract.
B) Evaluation of some pharmacological activities:
1) Anti-diabetic activity.
2) Anti-inflammatory activity.
3) Anti-ulcer activity.
Part I
Phytochemical study of Elaeocarpus grandis L.
Chapter I
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the powdered leaves & stems of Elaeocarpus grandis L.
The air-dried powdered aerial parts of E. grandis were subjcted to preliminary phytochemical screening which revealed the presence of carbohydrates, sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, whereas crystalline sublimates, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and anthraquinones were absent.
Chapter II
Extraction, fractionation and isolation of the secondary metabolites from the aerial parts of E. grandis .
The air-dried powdered leaves and stems (3.0 kg) of E. grandis were extracted by maceration with 95% methanol and then concentrated. A part of the methanolic extract (220 g) was suspended in the least amount of distilled water, transferred to a separating funnel and defatted with light petroleum ether. The total combined petroleum ether fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure to give fraction I (18.6 g). The mother liquor was then extracted with several portions of DCM. The combined DCM fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure to give fraction II (10.0 g). Finally, the remaining mother liquor was extracted with successive portions of ethyl acetate and the combined ethyl acetate fractions were concentrated under reduced pressure to give fraction III (40.0 g). Fraction I was subjected to silica gel column using petroleum ether: ethyl acetate gradient elution to give seven sub fractions (I: VII). Sub fraction II (2.0 g) was subjected to silica gel column using petroleum ether: ethyl acetate (85:15) isochratic elution to give compound 1 (25.0 mg) as colorless needles.
Fraction II was fractionated by VLC using gradient elution with DCM: MeOH to give seven sub fractions (III1–III7). Compounds 2-7 were obtained after successive purification steps of the resulting sub fractions using sephadex LH-20, HPLC, and RP.
Chapter III
Identification of the isolated compounds
Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed with the aid of various spectroscopic techniques including, 1H-NMR, DEPT, 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, 1H- 1H COSY and ESI-MS analyses, in addition to comparison of their physical, chemical and chromatographic characters with those previously reported in literature.
Part II
Biological studies of Elaeocarpus grandis L.
Chapter I.
-Evaluation of acute toxicity of the total extract of the aerial parts of E .grandis.
The LD50 value of the total methanolic extract of E.grandis in rats is 2.5mg/kg, showing a wide safety margin.
Chapter II
• Evaluation of the anti- hyperglycemic activity:
The petroleum ether, alkaloid and the ethyl acetate fractions exhibited a significant anti-hyperglycemic activity by causing reduction in the STZ- induced diabetic rats, while the total extract and dichloromethane fraction showed no activity at all. The most active fraction was the ethyl acetate one being stronger than gliclazide at intervals of 2 and 3 hours. While those pretreated with the total extract showed mild activity and the DCM fractions showed no activity.
Chapter III
• Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity:
The oral administration of the total extract and some fractions of E. grandis produced a notable decrease in the carrageenan – induced paw edema. The total extract, petroleum ether, and alkaloid fractions showed important anti-inflammatory effects that were comparable to the positive control (indomethacin). They significantly decreased paw edema after 1 hr till the end of the experiment in comparison with the non-treated control group which remained the highest edematous one. Besides, the highest inhibition of paw swelling (68.01%) produced by petroleum ether fraction was observed at 5 hrs. versus 62.5% by indomethacin.
Chapter IV
• Evaluation of the anti-ulcer Activity:
The total methanolic extract and all the tested fractions could protect against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Both the ethyl acetate and the alkaloid fractions followed by the DCM had the highest protection compared to ranitidine