الفهرس 
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Abstract
Class II malocclusion is commonly observed in orthodontic practice, its frequency being reported as approximately one-third of the patients seeking orthodontic therapy. Mandibular retrusion is the most common cause of class II malocclusions. In such cases, functional appliances are used to accelerate mandibular growth. Therefore, several types of functional appliances were developed for the treatment of Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion. Forsus FRD produces continuous orthopedic forces which can be controlled by varying the pushrod size to the desired force level as well as adding crimping stops depending on the clinical application. However, its dentoalveolar side effects limited skeletal correction. Several methods have been attempted to minimize the unwanted dentoalveolar side effects of FFAs. The introduction of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) has recently brought the option of absolute anchorage control to daily clinical practice The present study was carried out to evaluate the skeletal, dental and soft tissue changes using Forsus FRD with or without the use of miniscrews anchorage in treatment of patients with class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathia and to compare the data obtained with those of similar group of patients treated with conventional Forsus FRD and with those from matched untreated control group to eliminate the effects of growth and development. This study was carried out on 38 out of totally recruited 45 patients. These patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups. 14 patients in group I were treated with FRD appliance. In group II, 15 patients received treatment with FRD using miniscrew anchorage and 9 patients in group III (12.82 ± 0.9 years) without treatment as a control group. Linear and angular measurements were made on lateral cephalograms before and immediately after Forsus treatment.