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Abstract Anemia in pregnancy affects nearly half of all pregnant women worldwide and is prevalent in developing countries. Iron deficiency has peak prevalence in late pregnancy and infancy, when the brain is undergoing rapid development. Iron is involved in neuronal oxidative metabolism, myelin synthesis, and neurotransmitter metabolism. In utero latent iron deficiency has been associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes during childhood. Findings of several studies revealed that anemic children differed statically from non-anemic children in terms of alterations in the acoustic reflex and language development and also presented a higher prevalence of alterations in the hearing evaluation. |