الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Lichen planus is a cell-mediated immune response of unknown origin. It affects the skin and the squamous epithelium of mucosal surfaces lining the mouth, ears, eyes, and nose as well as the gastrointestinal and anogenital tracts. It is characterized by erythematous–violaceous, polygonal, shiny, non-confluent and symmetrical papules, on the surface of which are whitish streaks known as Wickham striae. Currently, the exact cause of LP remains unclear. Several hypotheses have been made regarding its etiology, including genetic, infective, psychogenic and autoimmune factors. Recent studies provide evidence that autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes are the effector cells which cause degeneration and destruction of keratinocytes Lichen planus has been described in association with numerous systemic conditions, including immunologically mediated diseases, infections and malignancies, also strong association between LP and chronic hepatic disease has been suggested. As LP is a chronic inflammatory disease, LP patients may have increased cardiovascular risk factors in the long term. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), which is measured by the albumin cobalt binding test, is a relatively new biomarker for the identification of myocardial and skeletal muscle ischemia. It was described as a marker for diseases related to inflammation. It is increased in diseases associated with oxidative stress, as detected using the albumin cobalt-binding test. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of LP. IMA is also increased in diseases associated with oxidative stress such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, pre-eclampsia and polycystic ovary syndrome. It is important to emphasize that an increase in IMA levels occurs in hypoxia, acidosis and tissue damage caused by free radicals, the mechanism of this IMA increase is not fully known. It has been suggested that active oxygen forms may play a role in the albuminmodification process. |