الفهرس 
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Abstract
The success of the resin composites restorations depends for a great
extent on the degree of surface roughness. Restorations with rough
surfaces are more liable to staining and plaque accumulation, which finally
lead to recurrent caries and failure of the restoration. So, many types of
finishing and polishing systems have been introduced to the market.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of three different
finishing & polishing systems (Opti1step polisher, Sof-LexTMSpiral
wheels, Super-Snap rainbow) on surface roughness and color stability of
nano-filled, nano-ceramic and microhybrid resin composites restorations.
A total of one hundred and twenty disc of resin composites
specimens (10mm in diameter and 3mm in height) were prepared by
construction of a special mold from each resin composites according to the
manufacturer’s instructions. The specimen was divided into three main
groups (n=40), according to the used resin composites materials (nanofilled,
nano-ceramic & microhybrid).
First group (A1) included samples of microhybrid resin composite
(ClearfilTMAP-X), the second group included (A2) samples of nano-filled
resin composite (FiltekTM Z350XT) and the third group included (A3)
samples of nano-ceramic resin composite (Ceram.x Sphere TecTMone).
For each resin composites group it was then subdivided equally
into four subgroups (n=10), according to the used finishing & polishing
systems. For the first subgroup (B1) the specimens had no surface
treatment to serve as a control group, in the second group (B2) specimens
were finished & polished with Opti1step polisher, in the third group (B3)
the specimens were finished & polished with Sof-lexTM spiral wheels
Summary and Conclusion
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system while the fourth group (B4) the specimens were finished and
polished with Super-Snap rainbow system. Surface roughness (Ra) was
measured using mechanical profilometer.
After measuring the final (Ra), the sample nearest to the mean (Ra)
of each subgroup were selected as a representative sample and observed
under scanning electron microscope. Color change (ΔE) was calculated
with spectrophotometer at base line and after thirty days storage in either
tea or cola Solutions. For statistical evaluation, analysis of variance
(ANOVA), Tukey’s post-hoc test was used for pair-wise comparison
between the means when ANOVA test is significant.
The results showed that the lowest (Ra) values were recorded by
the specimens under Myler strip followed by Super-Snap rainbow treated
specimens followed by Sof-LexTM spiral wheels specimens, and the
highest (Ra) values were recorded by Opti1step specimens. Among the
used resin composite materials, the Ceram.x Sphere TecTMone had lower
(Ra) values than ClearfilTMAP-X and FiltekTM Z350XT. Regarding (ΔE)
values, the Myler strip showed the highest values followed by Opti1step
and then Sof-LexTM while Super-snap rainbow treated specimens recorded
the lowest (ΔE) values. Among the used resin composites materials, also
Ceram.x Sphere TecTMone showed lower (ΔE) values than FiltekTM Z350
XT.
Summary and Conclusion
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Conclusions:
Within the limitations of this in vitro study the following conclusions could
be drawn:
1- Super-Snap rainbow multi step finishing and polishing system has a
positive effect on surface roughness among all composite types tested in
the current study.
2- Finishing and polishing procedures which result in low surface
roughness had a direct effect on the color stability of composite resin
materials.
( Ceram.x Sphere TecTMone showed the least surface roughness and color
changes.)
3- Tea results in unacceptable discoloration while cola effect within the
acceptable range that cannot be noticeable by naked eye.
4- Color stability depends on hydrophilicity of resin matrix.
5- Long term staining protocol is sufficient for evaluating color changes.
Recommendations:
1- Using super snap rainbow multi step finishing and polishing kit as it
resulted in least surface roughness and highest color stability among all
tested composite resin materials.
2- selecting nanoceramic resin composite materials result in low stain
susceptibility and surface roughness.
3- Avoid drinking tea excessively as it result in unacceptable color changes.