الفهرس 
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Abstract
Anterior open bite considered one of the most challenging malocclusion to be treated and its management was considered one of the most challenging tasks in orthodontics as it is difficult to decrease the heights of posterior dentoalveolar region. Anterior open bite has multifactorial origin, these factors include skeletal or dental causes, congenital or acquired causes, and combinations of these causes. Abnormal skeletal growth pattern of mandible or maxilla or increased tongue size (macroglossia) are congenital causes of anterior open bite. Prolonged thump sucking, suction of objects, mouth breathing, tongue thrust and abnormal swallowing habits arc acquired causes of anterior open bite. High-pull headgear, functional appliances, bite blocks, vertical-pull chin cups, spring loaded bite planes, repelling magnets were advocated for treatment of anterior open bite. Also miniplates and screws, have been shown to be effective for molar intrusion and to limit any increases in the vertical dimension. Conventional appliances depend on patient cooperation. Recently, a new fixed functional appliance, rapid molar intruder (RMI)has been introduced. The rapid molar intruder (RMI) appliance is a non-compliance appliance used to achieve molar intrusion for correction of anterior open bite. The results showed that the anterior open bite was successfully corrected by forward mandibular rotation and significant intrusion of the molars.. The effect of this molar intruder was not thoroughly investigated, and its treatment results were obtained from a 2D cephalometric studies only The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of maxillary and mandibular molar intrusion by RMI on the dento-skeletal structures of the face. In this study, Thirteen patients (8 female and4 males) with age ranged from 8-12 were selected to participate in this prospective clinical trial. Results showed the ability of Rapid Molar Intruder RM1 to intrude the upper and lower molars about 1.68 mm and 1.94 respectively, and this leads to mandibular auto rotation in a forward direction, bite closure anteriorly by average 5.63 mm and decrease in mandibular plane angle with no clinically significant root resorption or molar angulation problems. Although there were some limitations and side effects which include: high percentage fracture (70%), mild to moderate pain and disability.