الفهرس 
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Abstract
Our thesis discus the diagnostic utility of medical thoracoscopy in undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion after failure of reach a definite diagnosis by pleural fluid analysis.
We could diagnosis 40 cases from total 45 cases with diagnostic utility 89% and the 5 cases by further in vestigations was due to rheumatic causes
Pleural effusion was of benign nature in 15 (33.3%) of patients while malignant pleural effusion was diagnosed in 30 (66.7%) of patients.
Of the 15 patients with benign pleural effusion tuberculous pleurisy was diagnosed in 10 (22.2%) patients while chronic non-specific pleurisy was detected in 5 (11.1%) of patients.
Of the 30 (66.7%) patients with malignant pleural effusion the most common cause was malignant pleural mesothelioma and was detected in 20 (44.4%) patients while metastatic adenocarcinoma was detected in 10 (22.2%) patients.