الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of progesterone on fertility performance in cattle, evaluate the efficacy of progesterone as controlled internal drug release in treatment of some infertility cases in dairy cattle and improve the use of progesterone device under our field condition in Egyptian dairy farms. Our experiment was conducted at a special dairy farm in Dakahlia Governorate between the periods (March –May 2018), This farm consisted of 400 Holestien cows; from the total of the animals only 210 lactating cows. The established experiment applied on 40 cows suffered from different types of anestrum detected by ultrasonography as follow (15 cows suffer from cystic ovary, 15 cows suffer from smooth inactive ovaries and 10 cows suffer from persist corpus luteum to study the effect of progesterone device insertion in dairy cattle and its effect in fertility. On day 0, cattle at random stage of estrous cycle received controlled internal drug release vaginal insert (CIDR).We left the CIDR in the vagina for seven days as we inject PGF2 on day 6 and remove the CIDR on day 7, blood samples were collected from 25 animals at zero day, 3rd, 7th and 9th day from the tail vein, and then we follow the estrous and detected the estrus cow for AI and apply ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis after 30 day from insemination. The effect of progesterone device insertion on serum progesterone: The present study mirrored a significant increase in progesterone level after treatment with progesterone device compared to control group in 3rd, 7th, and 9th day respectively, a significant increase in progesterone concentration in implanted cow’s progesterone device might be due to exogenous progesterone and uniform and sustained release of hormone to the vascular system. Hence, the rise of progesterone on the 7th day is obvious due to the effect of progesterone device. The effect of progesterone device insertion on serum FSH & LH: There is significant increase in FSH level after treatment with progesterone device in 3rd and 7TH day respectively compared to control group. Also our study showed a significant increase in LH level after treatment with progesterone device in 1st, 3rd and 9th day respectively compared to control group. The effect of progesterone device insertion on conception rate: The present study showed that the conception rate after treatment with progesterone device was 85.71 %for cystic ovary treated group , 58.3 % for smooth inactive ovary treated group , 75% for persist corpus luteum treated group and total conception rate was 73.3%. In present study 15 dairy cows reported to have cystic ovary when examined by ultrasonography. Animals were received progesterone for 7 days with prostaglandin injection at day 7, at the end of treatment 14 of 15 cows show estrus and only 12 of 14 cows become pregnant with conception rate 85.7%. In present study 15 dairy cows reported to have smooth in active ovary when examined by ultrasonography. Animals were received progesterone for 7 days with prostaglandin injection at day 7, at the end of treatment 12 of 15 cows show estrus and only 7of 12 cows become pregnant with conception rate 58.3%. In present study 10 dairy cows reported to have persist corpus luteum when examined by ultrasonography. Animals were received progesterone for 7 days with prostaglandin injection at day 7, at the end of treatment 4of 10 cows show estrus and only 3 of 4 cows become pregnant with conception rate 75%. It is obvious that the conception rate of cystic ovary group higher than that of smooth inactive group and persist corpus luteum group and conception rate of persist corps luteum group higher than that of smooth in active group. This difference may be attributed to difference in number of treated animals and its body condition score. from this study it was concluded that the use of progesterone for 7 days +i.m. injection of PGF2α in the 7th day can applied to dairy cattle to restart ovarian activity and it is an effective treatment for different infertility cases like cystic ovarian disease, persist corpus luteum and smooth in active ovaries. Moreover present study provides evidence for the importance of prior exposure to progesterone for cows to express estrous behavior, increase number of pregnant animals and increase conception rate. Key words : progesterone device -CIDR – progesterone – estrus synchronization – infertility – FSH -LH.