الفهرس 
Review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 236 |  |  |
| | | from | 236 | | |
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a high-energy radiation that has the
ability to break chemical bonds, cause ionization and produce
free radicals which can result in biological damage. These free
radicals can induce damage to critical macromolecules such as
DNA. Cellular DNA damage leads to mutation and cancer.
High levels of gamma radiation can induce mortality in
mammals.
Acrylonitrile (AN) is a synthetic colorless liquid, with
onion- or garlic-like odor. It is used to make other chemicals
such as plastics, synthetic rubber and acrylic fibers. AN and its
metabolites can produce a wide array of toxicological effects
in animals and humans.
The present study was designed to evaluate the
protective and antioxidant effects of hesperidin against the
toxicity induced by the exposure to 6.5 Gy as a single shot of
γ- radiation and /or acrylonitrile. The parameters studied in the
current work were complete blood count, serum aspartate
transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase
activities as well as levels of albumin, total proteins and
glucose. In addition, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, high
Summary and conclusion
١٤٥
density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein
cholesterol, urea and creatinine were also examined.
Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase, SOD
and GPx along with the GSH content and MDA concentration
were also studied in both liver & kidney tissues. Furthermore,
copper, zinc, selenium, iron, manganese and calcium contents
were also determined.
Eighty rats were divided into eight groups (10 rats of
each) and classified as follows:
group I: normal control group.
group II (Hes group): rats received 200 mg hesperidin / kg
body weight (three times per week) for 4 weeks, (prolonged
oral administration by intragastric gavage).
group III (γ-ray): rats exposed to 6.5Gy, as a single dose
whole body gamma irradiation.
group IV (γ-ray+ Hes): rats received hesperidin as in group II
for 3 weeks, then exposed to gamma irradiation of 6.5 Gy
(whole body irradiation) at day 21, followed by treatment with
Hes for an additional week.
group V (AN group): rats received 50 mg acrylonitrile / kg
body weight orally for 4 weeks (twice per week).
group VI (AN+ Hes): rats received 200 mg Hes/ kg body
weight and 50 mg AN / kg body weight for 4 weeks.
Summary and conclusion
١٤٦
group (VII) (γ-ray+ AN): rats received AN as in group Vand
exposed to gamma irradiation of 6.5 Gy at day 21 of the
treatment.
group (VIII) (γ-ray+ AN+ Hes): rats received AN and Hes
for 3 weeks, followed by gamma irradiation exposure at day
21, and then administered AN and Hes for an additional week.
The results of the present study can be summarized as
follows:
1- Administration of hesperidin alone exhibited non significant
changes in most of the tested parameters except for Fe in
kidney which had a highly significant decrease.
2- The exposure of rats to gamma radiation (6.5 Gy) led to a
significant decrease in all parameters of CBC (Hb%,
WBC’s, RBC’s, platelets and HCT %), albumin, total
protein, HDL-C, TSC, (liver and kidney catalase, GPx,
SOD and GSH), liver Cu, Se and Mn & Ca in kidney. In
contrast, it caused a significant elevation in AST, ALT,
ALP, glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triacylglycerols,
LDL-C, liver MDA, kidney MDA, liver Fe & Zn and Se in
kidney.
3- Administration of acrylonitrile alone led to the same results
as gamma radiation except for the following: a) HCT only
Summary and conclusion
١٤٧
recorded a decline; b) Cu level in liver had non significant
change; c) Fe level in kidney showed a significant decrease
while the others didn’t change.
4- The exposure of rats to γ- ray and AN togehter led to more
disturbances in the majority of the estimated parameters.
5- Administration of hesperidin before and after gamma
radiation and / or acrylonitrile exposure caused mitigation
of most parameters.
It could be conculded that hesperidin has antioxidant and
radioprotective activities.