الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study included sixty cases of UBC which were obtained from the archives of histopathological laboratories of Minia University Hospital and Minia Oncology Center (in the period between April 2013 and November 2017). Paraffin blocks of 36 radical cystectomy and 24 TUR specimens were selected. The presence of muscularis propria in the TUR cases was mandatory for the selection. Cases include 71.6% TCC, and 28.4% SCC. Lymph node metastasis was evaluated in radical cystectomy cases.
Collection of clinicopathological data for cases from pathological reports .Sections were taken from these cases and exposure to the following: 1-Hematoxylin and eosin, to detect tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and presence of bilharzial ova or its urothelial changes.
2- The study of immunohistochemical expression of Livin in all cases.
The patients’ age in SCC cases was statistically significantly lower than in TCC cases. The mean patients’ ages in SCC and TCC were 51.7 ± 5.43 years and 59.12 ± 3.71 years, respectively. Bilharziasis associated
TCC cases were statistically significant lower than Bilharziasis associated SCC cases.
Squamous cell carcinoma high grade cases were statistically significant lower than high grade TCC cases. The grade of differentiation in urothelial carcinoma was low grade in 72% of cases and high grade in 28% of cases while the grade of differentiation in SCC was grade II in 52.9% cases and grade III in 47.1% cases.
TCC cases with advanced tumor stage was statistically significant lower than in SCC cases with advanced tumor stage, as 93% of SCC was stage T2 and stage T3, however in TCC stage T2 and stage T3 were 43.9%.
No statistically significant difference between TCC and SCC cases regarding gender, tumor site, size, lymph node metastasis, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and lymphovascular invasion.
As regard TCC cases, Livin high expression was detected in 51% of cases, the association between Livin high expression and tumor multifocality in urothelial carcinoma cases was statistically significant. Livin high expression was found more in multifocal tumor 75.0% than in unifocal tumor 38.7%.
There was a statistically significant association between Livin high expression and larger tumor size. Livin high expression was observed more in larger tumor size of urothelial carcinoma cases, as 81.2% of cases which were ≥3 cm showed Livin high expression while 29.6% of cases which were >3 cm showed high expression.
There was a statistically significant association between Livin high expression and higher tumor grade. Livin high expression was found more frequently in high grade cases 90.5%, than in low grade cases 9.5%.
A statistically significant association between Livin high expression and advanced tumor stage, the frequency of Livin expression was increased by advanced stage of urothelial carcinoma cases. Livin high expression was found in 14.3% of stage T3, 66.7% of T2, 9.5% of T1, and 9.6% of Ta.
No statistically significant associated between Livin high expression and other clinicopathological data of urothelial carcinoma cases.
Regarding SCC cases, Livin high expression was detected in 52.9% of cases, a statistically significant association between Livin high expression and tumor multifocality, Livin high expression was found more in multifocal tumor 75.0% than in unifocal tumor 33%.
A statistically significant association between Livin high expression and larger tumor size, 66.7% of cases which were ≥3 cm showed high expression while only 33.3%of cases which were >3 cm showed Livin high expression.
A statistically significant association was detected between Livin high expression and higher tumor grade. Livin high expression was found more frequently in high grade cases grade III 88.9%, than in low grade cases grade II 11.1%.
The frequency of Livin expression was increased by stage, Livin high expression was found in all cases of T4, 55.6% of stage T3, and 33.3% of T2, and this result was a statistically significant association between Livin high expression and advanced tumor stage.
Livin high expression was not statistically significant associated with other clinicopathological data of SCC cases.