الفهرس 
Normal Anatomy and Histology of the MaculaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
O
ral contraceptive pills (OCP) have some risks and side effects with regard to several organs, one of which is the eye. Estrogen and progesterone receptors have been observed in miscellaneous ocular tissues, such as the choroid, retina, lens, conjunctiva, cornea, and the Meibomian gland.
Sex hormones can affect the retina and choroid, so that OCP use could lead to result in alterations to OCT findings. Additionally, a correlation between sex hormones and disorders that may cause loss of vision has been described.
Ocular complications or side effects reported in connection with oral contraceptives ranging from being mild- moderate complications like dry eye symptoms, corneal disturbances, lens opacities, retinal vascular disorders, and proptosis, in addition, retinal edema, glaucoma, and hemorrhagic retinopathy. To Severe neuro-ophthalmologic complications involve the 6th cranial nerve paralysis, parietal syndrome, hemianopsia, papillary edema and retrobulbar neuritis. Central retinal artery or vein occlusion, intraocular hemorrhages, aneurysms, macular or papillary edema and acute ischemic optic neuropathy. Glaucoma is a serious condition that can develop from the use of oral contraceptives.
Our study includes 40 eyes of 20 women taking OCP, and the control group consisted of 40 eyes of 20 healthy women in their reproductive period. regarding effect of administration of combined Oral contraceptive pills (0.03 mg ethinylestradiol, 0.075 mg gestodene) more than one year.
Study results:
In our study, we found that using oral contraceptive pills in the form of (0.03 mg ethinylestradiol, 0.075 mg gestodene) more than one-year leads to changes on the macular thickness, retinal nerve fiber layers thickness, and Choroid thickness. with no changes occur on Ganglion cell complex.
In this study, we concluded that:
Mean value of age in the study group is (31.7 years old) with non- significant p-value.
Mean value of IOP in the study group is (15.725 mmHg) with non- significant p-value.
Mean value of macular thickness in the study group:
- Mean value of Superior parafoveal macular thickness is (292.05 µm), with a highly significant P value.
- Mean value of Inferior parafoveal macular thickness is (282.40 µm), with a highly significant p value.
- Mean value of Superior perifoveal macular thickness is (258.40 µm), with a highly significant p value.
- Mean value of Inferior perifoveal macular thickness is (253.60 µm), with a non-significant p value.
- Mean value of Foveal center thickness in the study group is (213.90 µm), with a highly significant p value.
- Mean value of macular volume in the study group is (7.38 mm3), with a highly significant p value.
Mean value of average RNFL thickness in the study group is (102.88 µm), with a highly significant p value.
- Mean value of Superior RNFL thickness is (121.85 µm), with a significant p value.
- Mean value of Inferior RNFL thickness is (127.83 µm), with a highly significant p value.
- Mean value of Nasal RNFL thickness is (85.37 µm), with a highly significant p value.
- Mean value of Temporal RNFL thickness is (77.77 µm), with a non-significant p value.
Mean value of choroid thickness in the study group is (350.65 µm), with a highly significant p value.
Mean value of GCC in the study group is (106.90 µm), with a non-significant p value.
In our study, we found that women who had received combined oral contraceptive pills more than one year have changes in posterior ocular segment.