الفهرس 
Oxidative stress and environmental stress:
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Abstract
To evaluate the effect of daily oral administration with two allicin levels (5 and 10 mg/kg LBW), for 30 day pre-mating, on reproductive performance, blood metabolites, immunity, oxidative stress and liver function of rabbit does under summer condition in Egypt, 75 sexually matured NZW rabbit does were assigned to three groups (25 does/group). Does were fed a commercial diet (18.30% CP, 12.5% CF, 3.01% EE and 2700 Kcal DE/kg diet). Does in the 1st group (G1) were orally treated with distilled water (2 ml d.w.), while, those in the 2nd and 3rd groups were orally treated with 5 mg/kg LBW (G2) or 10 mg/kg LBW (G3) of allicin dissolved in 2 ml d.w. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15 and 30 of treatment, and pre-mating, at mid-pregnancy and suckling. The obtained results could be summarized as the following: I. IN VIVO STUDY 1. Reproductive performance of rabbit does: Allicin treatment significantly (P<0.05) improved reproductive performance of administered does (G2 and G3), in terms of increasing conception rate, and live litter size and bunny viability rat at birth and weaning, reflecting significantly (P<0.05) higher reproductive index in G2 and G3 than in G1. 2. Bunny productive performance of treated rabbit does: Average bunny weight and litter weight at birth and weaning significantly (P<0.05) increased in G2 and G3 than in G1. Generally, does in G3 showed significantly (P<0.05) the best reproductive traits as compared to G1 and G2. 3. Reproductive hormones of rabbit does: 3.1. Effect of treatment: Allicin treatment at both levels significantly (P<0.05) increased serum P4 and PRL concentrations as compared to control, but concentrations of both hormones were significantly (P<0.05) higher in G3 than in G2. 3.2. Effect of reproductive status: Concentration of P4 and PRL showed significantly (P<0.05) sharp increase after mating, reaching the maximal level at mid-pregnancy, then sharply decreased during the suckling period, but P4 and PRL levels were higher in G3, followed by G2 and the lowest in G1. 4. Blood biochemicals: 4.1. Effect of treatment: Protein metabolites, including total proteins, albumin and globulin concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in G3 than in G1 and G2, while concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly (P<0.05) lower in treatment groups than in control one, being the lowest in G3. 4.2. Effect of treatment time: Concentration of total proteins and their fractions increased in rabbit does of G3, significantly (P<0.05) during the first 15 days of treatment and insignificantly during the 2nd 15 days of treatment. However, the observed increases in G1 and G2 during treatment period were not significant. 5. Hepatic markers: 5.1. Effect of treatment: Enzyme activities of AST, ALT, ACP, ALP and LDH significantly (P<0.05) decreased in treatment groups as compared to control one, being significantly (P<0.05) the lowest for AST and LDH activities in G3. 5.2. Effect of treatment time: Activity of AST, ALT, ACP and ALP in G2 and G3 decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the first 15 days of treatment, then showed 103 other significant (P<0.05) decrease during the 2nd 15 days of treatment. However, activity of LDH in G3 significantly (P<0.05) decreased during the 1st half of treatment period, while insignificantly decreased during the 2nd half of treatment period. 6. Immunity and antioxidant capacity: 6.1. Effect of allicin treatment: Allicin treatment at a level of 10 mg/kg (G3) significantly (P<0.05) increased concentration of serum immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), as immunity marker, and GSH concentration, while significantly (P<0.05) decreased TBARS as compared to control (G1). However, allicin treatment at a level of 5 mg/kg (G2) significantly (P<0.05) increased IgM concentration and reduced TBARS as a lipid peroxidation product. Meanwhile super oxide dismutase (SOD), as antioxidant enzyme, was not affected by allicin treatment. Interestingly, content of serum TBARS, as lipid peroxidation marker, significantly (P<0.05) decreased in by increasing level of allicin treatment. 6.2. Effect of treatment time: As affected by treatment time, concentration of serum IgG in G2 and G3 significantly (P<0.05) increased after 30 days of treatment, while IgM concentration in both groups significantly (P<0.05) increased early after 15 days of treatment. Content of GSH and SOD showed insignificant trend of change in all groups during treatment period, except for GSH content in G3 which showed significant (P<0.05) trend of increase after 15 days and then up to 30 days of treatment. In contrast, level of TBARS as lipid peroxidation product in blood serum significantly (P<0.05) decreased in G2 and G3 after 15 days and up to 30 days of treatment.