الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study discusses the role of many factors that could affect the fate of neural stem cells. These factors such as oxygen tension, coating materials, media supplements and from which embryonic stages NSCs were isolated. The in vitro study reveals the impact of hypoxia on neural stem cells differentiation. It copes with the results of previous studies that confirm hypoxia increases neurogenesis and decrease astrogenesis. It is suggested that hypoxia increases the expression of HIF-1α which activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The in vitro study also reveals the effect of coating material and how the extra cellular matrix like Geltrex promotes the eNSCs proliferation and differentiation, it is also show more extension of neurites than poly D-lysine coating material. The media supplements like B-27 & N-2 have a great effect of eNSCs differentiation. The cells isolated from embryonic stages have different proliferation and differentiation behavior.This study focuses on the impact or the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in neurogenesis. In this study we use eNSCs expressing Wnt-7a, this expression of Wnt ligand or protein that results in activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway and subsequently increases the neurogenesis and decrease astrogenesis. The in vivo study reveals that the transplanted cells in striatum remain viable and proliferating as we able to detect GFP cells and expresses PCNA and Ki67 at the transplantation site. Three weeks may be not enough for differentiation of the transplanted cells. Nestin is no longer being expressed, while vimentin is still expressed, these results could indicate that the cells in their way for differentiation. The H&E slides reveal picture of inflammation and immune rejection like perivascular cuffing of lymphomonocytes. In addition to that there are some sidrophages, pyknotic cells and necrosis. These immune reactions may affect the transplanted cells so it is better to inject immunosuppressant drugs like cyclosporine. In conclusion, controlling the NSCs niche like coating substrate or matrix, media supplements and oxygen tension in addition to transfection the cells with Wnt ligands could increase the efficacy of neural stem cells therapy as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.